conformance specification in procurementconformance specification in procurement

Extensions shall not re-define semantics for existing functions, Extensions shall not cause standard-conforming functions (i.e., functions that do not use the extensions) to execute incorrectly, The mechanism for determining application conformance and the extensions shall be clearly described in the documentation, and the extensions shall be marked as such. capabilities that are pertinent to the intended use of the 3. The tests are then executed and the results displayed. 3 What steps lead conformance to specification? Thus, quality of conformance equates to conformance to specifications within an acceptable tolerance range. Paper combination is: 3 layers carton (Layer1 is Kraft liner of 125GSM + Layer2 is Test/Recycled liner of 100GSM + Layer3 is Kraft liner of 125GSM) with mentioning Flute type and total GSM. Nevertheless, the larger and more varied the set of inputs is, the more confidence can be placed in an implementation whose testing generates no errors. Conformance to Specifications. XSLT Test Suite NIST is working with W3C and the Organization for the Advancement of Structured Information Standards (OASIS) to develop a comprehensive test suite for the Extensible Stylesheet Language (XSL) processors. tested and are considered equal, state testing methods should be limited and justified before solicitation. Depending on the type of specification (e.g., application programming interface (API), protocol, programming language, metafile), there are various methodologies that can be used in developing conformance test suites. 2. approval for the product offered before bid opening. 0000002922 00000 n With any standard or specification, eventually the discussion turns to "how will we know if an implementation or application conforms to our standard or specification?" Supplier Resources. at least two brand names that will satisfy the Each test should lend itself to providing objective, reproducible, unambiguous, and accurate results. 0000045027 00000 n award at the lowest possible cost. The following discussion defines conformance and conformance testing as well as describes the components of a conformance testing program. met to be considered responsive. a. 20899 USA, Email: lisa.carnahan [at] nist.gov Tel: (301) 975-3362 FAX: (301) 948-6213, Prepared by Robin Cover for the The SGML/XML Web Page archive. Levels are nested subsets of the specifications. A specification details the requirements of the procurement. The test procedures define the administrative as well as the technical process for testing an implementation. I like the point about cost only .. Conformance specs: Paper combination is: 3 layers carton (Layer1 is Kraft liner of 125GSM + Layer2 is Test/Recycled liner of 100GSM + Layer3 is Kraft liner of 125GSM) with mentioning Flute type . Values that may be different for different conforming implementations of the standard, The color model(s), if any, supported by the standard, Test tool (e.g., tool, suite, and/or reference implementation, Organization(s) to do testing, issue certificates of validation, and arbitrate disputes. Please tell me by leaving a comment. Lets Start by looking at a Procurement functions relationship with Specifications. All the profiles would include level 1; this is basically a core + optional module approach. In some cases, it has to be provided for EVERY part with its own serial number. 136 Conformance vs. If errors are found, one can correctly deduce that the implementation does not conform to the specification; however, the absence of errors does not necessarily imply the converse. How many times have you looked at this afore mentioned specification and instantly picked holes in the acheivabilty of the desired outcome? Purchase Requisition 1 - A poor undetailed specification "I want something to eat my dinner with". John Spacey, May 01, 2017. As a procurement proffesional just think for a moment how many times has a fully agreed and signed of specification been put on your desk and requistioned without any prior input from your function? Examples of Conformance to specifications in a sentence. and more interested in what a product does. These errors and ambiguities can then be fed back to the standards committee who developed the specification, for correction. Conformance to requirement or specification: that is, the product matches the features, attributes, performance and standards set out in the specification Acceptable quality and value for. Conformance testing (also called conformity assessment) is a way of verifying implementations of a specification to determine whether or not deviations from the specification exist. products of a particular manufacturer as having the 4 What are the characteristics of a good specification in procurement? HR{HSa?wf^MiIZ\B!bEjs:\EJ3SQ%I*Zo;:{w0?|kD (.~]g+%kBBbk3d,bs|+7ED{Z*fsfhZm$C'5F)_bhz^q{0R+}#mzG"SSjod-I3?|4iLsmm:#M)wwDs9$hqm,L11]&]Nowi:&J5"PL%.'zBp\J_wdXjh#}>ZuP3YW6. controlled conditions and assessments made of their performance Thus, the tests when executed on the implementation under test will generate a pass/fail condition. 0000005022 00000 n be as non-restrictive as practicable, consistent with satisfying Interoperability is defined as the capability of two or more systems to exchange and use information. There must be sufficient basis to determine that these (If the specifications don't describe the different approaches in the first place, then it's an implementer detail irrelevant to conformance.). A specification is often a type of technical standard. Accompanying the actual test files is an XML test description file that contains pertinent information for each of the tests included in the distribution. These requirements are specified in a standard or specification as either part of a conformance clause or in the body of the specification. Proprietary Specification. goods or service must perform. Lets take an example. The prevailing style of management conditions people to "conformance to specification" as the aim, writes Nigel Clements. Conformance testing is NOT a way to judge if one product is better than another. This is a document, parallel to but distinct from the official specifications, that contains a list of recognized extensions to the standard. Marketing teams and customers view quality in terms of satisfying customer needs and meeting customer expectations. quotation request What is the definition of quality of conformance? The overall purpose of a To illustrate the characteristic of Completeness in Specifications consider my proposed user requirements for a new car. They can then make any necessary corrections to allow the implementation to conform. 0000002442 00000 n a. specifications by bn reviewed by rh this procurement is being solicited as a small purchase request for quotation (rfq). By this they mean that they found out about key requirements of a solution late in the development process. Three of the test suites that are being developed are: XML Test Suite - The XML test suite for XML processors contains over 2000 test files and an associated test report. For example, Apple maintains a page about EU compliance, and here is one of their DoCs. DEVELOPING SPECIFICATIONS: Although purpose intended. In this case, most of the technical proposals you will receive more or less will be the same & any technical proposal which is not matching above specs won't be accepted for you Acceptance/rejection of such product will be according to requested details, whether it works in your system or not material should be approved in case it conforms to the specs you have requested, even if it doesnt perform in your supply chain setup. For software developers, using conformance test suites early-on in the development process can help improve the quality of their implementations by identifying areas in which they conform as well as those areas in which they do not. Conformance clause and specification wording. Conformance means that a product meets the minimum requirements in the standard. A certificate issuing organization is responsible for issuing certificates for products determined to be conformant. 7 What is the definition of quality of conformance? BRAND-NAME SPECIFICATIONS: The The test suite should be platform independent, and should generate repeatable results. Conformance to specification means to meet the regulatory requirements; Customer needs means to meet the customer reasonable specific requirements. purpose intended. Is it a marketing or business requirement? The problem here however is the chance that the person who raised the requisition may well change their mind or refine the specification as quotes begin to arrive. requires something unique, to be custom made or custom built, as substantially equivalent to those named are considered for award, Moreover, each test should be written so as to explicitly state the behavior of a conforming implementation. R3XF5h{o9gkz1p!i[$KQt?I$o:hdSisA4e3Dm9,Hhj4@`h$&!!r" BH$@4$"Jz"H,*Mc18/,1 #c7n~ "/[#J Falsification testing subjects an implementation to various combinations of legal and illegal inputs, and compares the resulting output to a set of corresponding "expected results." This board should be a body of impartial experts. Decisions are differentiated according to whether they concern day-by-day issues or broader plans. ISO/IEC TR 13233 defined conformance and conformity as "fulfillment by a product, process or service of all relevant specified conformance requirements." As a user I may legitimately have an issue that while testing a prototype I discover that I cannot steer the car and it has no braking system. for different products. There are many types of testing including testing for performance, robustness, behavior, functions and interoperability. specifications must explain in detail the results need. If such a list is provided, the starting point for the development of the test suite is the list of assertions for the standard. The procurement function generally acts as the middle-man between the customer whether it be internal or external and suppliers. FCC (47 CFR Section 2.906) again states that the SDoC is: a procedure that requires the party responsible for compliance ensure that the equipment complies with the appropriate technical standards. Validation with certification is often used as a prerequisite for procurement. The main reason a CoC is required at customs is to prove a product that the product being imported meets the required standard(s). 0000009883 00000 n requirements of the item being purchased. Specifications can be attributed in two ways; 1) Attributes - related to things such as the part, component or raw material. "functional" and "performance" are used suitability of specifications, Procurement cannot initiate or It, in turn, refers to other parts of the standard. Deviation in delivery period shall be considered if such deviation is reasonable.6.1. For any . These assertions are statements of functionality or behavior derived from the standard, and which are true for conforming implementations. Any mention of commercial products or reference to commercial organizations is for information only; it does not imply recommendation or endorsement by NIST nor does it imply that the products mentioned are necessarily the best available for the purpose. Procurement is responsible for final editing of 4 Examples of Conformance Quality. In these cases, it may be desirable to partition the specifications into subsets of functionality. 0000007164 00000 n Tip - The purchase specification is to allow purchasing to seek competitive quotations by forwarding the purchase specification to prospective suppliers. QualityInspection.org does not present this information as a basis for you to make decisions, and we do not accept any liability if you do so. On the one hand, a conformance certificate (or a claim of conformance) might only state that an implementation had been tested to completion, and provide a list of the errors that were found. Or even types of specifications when contracting, Specifications are statements of requirements to be satisfied in the supply of a product or service. Vendors should be provided the How do you know that the software conforms? Substitutions or alterations will not be permitted without Company's written consent, which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned, or delayed. legitimate but limited place in public purchasing. 7. Early supplier involvement can reduce evaluation time in performance based contracts. interchangeably to designate an approach to specifications that should be put on notice that the criteria used to define This early stage work also provides an understanding of the performance requirements of the project, so that when discussions develop on complexes, entities, space, locations, elements, systems and products, these form part of the build-up of a specification. But what are specifications? this sense means that the specification concentrates on how the Implementation dependent ranges, minimum or maximum allowed sizes, etc. They can also be selected from a drop down menu, executed and results displayed. Alternatively, the Java test suite can be downloaded and run locally. %PDF-1.2 Additionally, the documentation should be detailed enough so that testing of a given implementation can be repeated with no change in test results. A locked padlock Operational teams view quality in terms of conformance to specifications. Developers/Customers often complain that Scope Creep occurred during a project. (3) list reproducible test methods to be used in testing for The developers might respond that those were not part of the requirements and this would be scope creep to the project. ! In many of these cases the problem is not that the scope changed but that the original Specification was incomplete. The test software, consisting of a set of test files (i.e., data, programs, or scripts) checks each requirement in the specification to determine whether the results produced by the implementation match the expected results, as defined by the specification. The sponsor has a fundamental interest in ensuring the success of the program. Lock It, in turn, refers to other parts of the standard. For example, some testing programs may require a very formal testing and certification approach using an independent (i.e., third party), nationally accredited testing laboratory while other programs may be more appropriate for self declaration and demonstration testing. Conformance with Specification. Notwithstanding this spending, 50% to 70% of all major software projects fail due to software quality and interoperability problems. A defect can lead to a failure that might result in loss of life. An implementation is the realization of a specification -- it can be a software product, system, program, document, or web page. One approach, adopted most famously by Ada, forbids any extensions whatsoever; each product must be a precise implementation of the complete specifications. A buyer would typically ask for a CoC on products/components that are critical or high risk. This blog is written by Renaud Anjoran, an ASQ Certified Quality Engineer who has been involved in chinese manufacturing since 2005. Although the terms validation and conformance testing are often interchanged, they are not the same. with the Procurement Officer reserving the final right to 1. Used wooden pallets are Euro-pallets type (120cm x 100cm). The responsible party has the option to use the certification procedure in place of the SDoC procedure. Conformance tests are meant to provide the users of conforming products some assurance or confidence that the product behaves as expected, performs functions in a known manner, or has an interface or format that is known. Portability is the ability to move software programs or applications among different computer systems with minimal change. items regularly available in the market place, as is When a requisition does not include an existing standard, specification or purchase description, which the contracting officer considers . a. products are equal and this basis must be predicated upon Performance responsibilities focus on strategy, value creation and resource utilization whereas conformance responsibilities focus on providing assurance to stakeholders that the organization . Here is one example. Contracting officers must assess the adequacy and applicability of any standards, specifications, including client-developed specifications, or purchase descriptions included by a client in the requisition. 2. In 1996 ISO/IEC Guide 2 defined the three major terms used in this field. 2. 3) The car shall have a red custom paint job with chrome accents. Requirements Work that matches what was requested in requirements. 0000066460 00000 n And, in some cases, specific documents are required for certification or to show the end user/customer, that the product is safe. The Java test suite contains over 200 tests and covers the fundamental and extended interfaces of the DOM Level 1 Recommendation. 0000066307 00000 n Although there may be However, these methodologies all follow the same basic strategy - falsification testing; and the same basic process - analyze the specification for test assertions or test requirements, write a test purpose for each test, and create and document a test case which realizes each test purpose. Who does the testing? Some importers choose to purchase components for their new products that are already certified to avoid needing to go through the testing and certification process. Examples of conformance specification are: Engineering drawing A chemical formula Model name, number or brand etc The test suite will focus on XSL transformations (XSLT) and XML Path Language (XPath). Conformance Specification (Technical) which focuses on inputs and provides specific details of what the product/service should consist of, and how the product should be manufactured as well as what materials and process should be followed. This is called strict conformance. Quality Assurance, Product Development, and Purchasing Strategies in China. The conformance clause of a specification is a high-level description of what is required of implementations. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. Other conformance related terms include validation and certification. Without knowing whats really needed costs can be far higher than required and the solution procured for the business not fit for purpose. This more common approach usually includes some additional, more specific, requirements in the conformance clause, along the lines of: One approach that has been used successfully is to have a register for extensions. According to the FCC (47 CFR Section 2.906): Equipment that consists of only a radio transmitter (not a transceiver) such as remote control transmitters; land mobile radio transmitters and wireless medical telemetry transmitters are required to be approved using the certification procedure. It is well recognized that conformance testing is a way to ensure that "standard-based" products are implemented. The other approach adopts the weaker overall requirement that, while extensions are allowed, an implementation must perform all the functionality in the specifications exactly as specified. The ECMAScript test suite contains over 800 tests and covers the fundamental, extended, and HTML interfaces of the DOM Level 1 Recommendation. Conformance to specification means to meet the regulatory requirements; Customer needs means to meet the customer reasonable specific requirements. Since the purposes for Identify minimum requirements, (2) allow for a competitive bid, By definition, a The conformance clause may specify sets of functions, which may take the form of profiles, levels, or other structures. Sharing what is the required performance of this item without stating item details like (what is the required output of certain machine, which product will be manufactured by this required item, what is the challenge that company is facing & others). 0000002465 00000 n Conformance testing provides software developers and users assurance and confidence that the conforming product behaves as expected, performs functions in a known manner, or possesses a prescribed interface or format. `d 0@90@AA= .5@2:6: 12@7 KK;+MD 4p$? k9S:>P("hb YUE#5K>,46SCL- There are 2 main & simple types of specification, Sharing specification sheet that stats needed item details like (materials, dimension, tolerance, weight & others). used to establish the QPL and indicate steps to be taken The procedures should also contain information on what must be done operationally when failures occur. sound evaluation criteria. quantity scheduled purchases. The decision to establish a program is based on the risk of nonconformance versus the costs of creating and running a program. As a procurement professional . It increases a buyer's confidence in a product and its ability to meet their needs. What are the purpose of specification in procurement? 0000005716 00000 n The success here will obviously depend on how you frame your specifications. situations when the use of this specification is our only This bulletin presents an overview of conformance and addresses conformance to the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) Recommendations for the Extensible Markup Language (XML) family of specifications. Project Managers, in the pursuit of successful project management and to provide a timely, cost effective, quality service to their clients, may acquire personnel, goods and services during project execution; or personnel and services may be acquired by others, both within or outside the organization, to provide service in their specialty areas. bidders offering products other than specified obtain 0000006382 00000 n Generally, there are two main types of specification, conformance and performance Conformance specification; In this case the buyer details exactly what the product must have, as in what they want the product to be like!. Some standards have no official testing organizations. submitted written justification to this effect and the Director by vendors to add products to the QPL. have expertise in every sphere of College of Charleston academic 0000003290 00000 n specifications; brand-name-or-equal specifications; design This reflects the thinking of the "IOR School" (Insti- tute for Operational Research). Procurement professionals should be focusing on what type of specification they are sharing with suppliers and to guide their internal customers to draft their specification document according to that.
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