(credit: "Lipton sale"/Wikimedia Commons), https://openstax.org/books/american-government-3e/pages/1-introduction, https://openstax.org/books/american-government-3e/pages/11-2-congressional-elections, Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, Explain how fundamental characteristics of the House and Senate shape their elections, Discuss campaign funding and the effects of incumbency in the House and Senate, Analyze the way congressional elections can sometimes become nationalized. As politicians and donors soon discovered, however, these laws were full of loopholes and were easily skirted by those who knew the ins and outs of the system. a. b. conference e. The president must maintain party support in Congress. d. to provide intelligence on national security to the Congress d. Speaker, Most of the work of Congress goes on in __________. b. Senate chairperson when states are divided into legislative districts of equal population. Congressional Quarterly U.S. Senate U.S. House Agency About HUD Secretary of HUD Program Offices No Fear Act Press Room Office of Inspector General Resources Resources A-Z Index Customer Experience FOIA PDF Reader Agency About HUD Secretary of HUD Program Offices No Fear Act Press Room Office of Inspector General Resources Resources A-Z Index $$, Define the following term in a short sentence. d. Modern presidents are much less partisan than the Framers originally intended. However, it did not stand a chance in the Senate, where a more moderate version of the legislation was introduced. a. majority leader In 1974, who staged a revolt against the congressional committee system? c. direct election by popular vote \text{Salaries and Wages Expense}&\text{\hspace{11pt}53,000}&\text{}\\ OCIA is the Department of Labor's liaison to Members of Congress (MOCs) as well as state and local government officials and entities. \textbf{August 31, 2014} d. according to tact and decorum, The Constitution specifies that members of the House must be at least __________ years old and American citizens for at least _________ years. Both Republicans and Democrats have become more conservative. Create enhanced value in military medical markets using an integrated approach in 5-year business plans. "fire alarm" oversight d. quickly and conscientiously Casework activities may also be viewed as part of an outreach strategy to build political support, or as an evaluative stage of the legislative process. e. Party polarization has increased as bipartisanship has decreased. a. To insulate one house of Congress from popular pressures and make it a seat of deliberation and reflection, the framers of the Constitution set the terms of the members of the Senate at __________. - removal of executive officers from office. e. The conflict intensifies when Republicans control the presidency and Democrats control d. Incumbents only leave office when they are involved in a scandal, a. Incumbents have a significant reelection advantage. b. a formal agreement between the U.S. president and the leaders of other nations that He can make a deluxe version of the same drawing instead. a. equal representation by state; four c. give the Senate authority to overturn a Supreme Court decision \text{Mortgage Payable}&\text{}&\text{\hspace{7pt}120,000}\\ Register to vote at Vote.gov. then you must include on every digital page view the following attribution: Use the information below to generate a citation. c. conferences presidents did. When performing casework, congressional staff cannot force an agency to expedite a case or act in favor of a constituent. e. filibuster, Throughout most of its history, which was considered an insignificant office? That said, while the political parties themselves to a degree control and regulate the primaries, popular individual candidates and challengers sometimes rule the day. d. as a fund-raiser for the president during reelection b. constitutional c. The conflict is a by-product of the recent polarization of the American party system. a. investigations of the executive branch and government agencies by Congress. What will occur there? One finding is that, counter to conventional wisdom, the vast majority of direct campaign contributions come from individual donors, not from PACs and political parties. In a congressional office, the term casework refers to the response or services that Members of Congress provide to constituents who request assistance. b. a. It is more descriptively representative of African Americans than the House. c. Senators are better educated than their House counterparts. d. logrolling, _________ is defined as the activities of members of Congress that help individual constituents, particularly by cutting through bureaucratic red tape. Political scientists have taken note of some voting patterns that appear to challenge this common assumption, however. Which of the following can happen while the bill is in committee? c. stare decisis d. to persuade party members to support the party's priorities. If the president were to veto a bill what would the next step be? Not surprisingly, the jungle of campaign financing regulations and loopholes is more easily navigated by incumbents in Congress than by newcomers. a. \text{Buildings}&\text{\hspace{7pt}132,000}&\text{}\\ b. Casework The member who had served on the committee the longest and whose pary controlled Congress became chair, regardless of party loyalty, mental state, or competence. d. Speaker of the House, In the House of Representatives, a bill goes to the Rules Committee ________. | Direct labor efficiency variance | 550 Unfavorable | Anyone can draft a bill, but only a member of the House of Representatives or the Senate can formally submit a bill for consideration. - constant and consistent oversight consent of Rice University. Common congressional casework requests include tracking a misdirected benefits payment; helping to fill out a government form; applying for Social Security, veterans', education, and other federal benefits; explaining government activities or decisions; a. representing groups that provide subsistence for their campaign coffers and not for their policy preferences Between 1946 and 2012, only 5 percent of incumbent senators and 2 percent of House incumbents lost their party primaries.19 In 2014, Cantor was one of four House incumbents who did so, while no incumbent senators suffered defeat. e. party primaries followed by popular vote. Term Limits v. Thornton (1995), there are currently no term limits for either senators or representatives, despite efforts by many states to impose them in the mid-1990s.10 House members are elected by the voters in their specific congressional districts. b. three-year Unlike hard money contributed directly to a candidate, which is heavily regulated and limited, soft money had almost no regulations or limits. For nearly the first hundred years of the republic, there were no federal campaign finance laws. Impeach and try federal officers. Per the Supreme Court decision in U.S. The term "casework" refers to assistance provided by members of Congress to constituents who need help while filing a grievance with the federal government or a federal agency. In a lot of cases, constituents don't know how to get help if they have an issue relating to federal government services or a problem with federal programs. c. the Supreme Court Distributive: a. attorney general Analysis of police force effectiveness c. Analysis of water quality within a district d. Assistance to a constituent in obtaining a Social Security check e. Assistance to a federal agency operating within a member's district d c. judiciary What are the three types of gerrymandering? The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Analytics". The United States became a simple free market economy. Unlike previous wars in Europe and Vietnam, the war in Iraq was fought by a very small percentage of the population.24 The vast majority of citizens were not soldiers, few had relatives fighting in the war, and most did not know anyone who directly suffered from the prolonged conflict. In a congressional office, the term casework refers to the response or services that Members of Congress provide to constituents who request assistance. c. United States v. Nixon d. representing constituents by mirroring, b. representing the interests of groups of which they themselves are not members, The __________ is the only House official mandated by the A group of members of Congress sharing some interest or characteristic. c. Political Action Committee e. vice president, __________ committees are usually temporary committees are created by congressional leaders to resolve matters that Standing committee cannot or do not wish to handle c. after it is debated in the full House a. mandamus In the 2011-2012 election cycle, how much money did the average winning House candidate spend? They serve __________-year terms. Congressional Democrats and Republicans could not agree on a budget. It is more descriptively representative of women than the House. power of the purse d. Chief of Staff Another reason incumbents wield a great advantage over their challengers is the state power they have at their disposal.20 One of the many responsibilities of a sitting congressperson is constituent casework. d. Incumbents only leave office when pressured by party leadership. Representatives serve two-year terms, whereas senators serve six-year terms. "police patrol" oversight a. presidential job approval The structural and other differences between the House and Senate have practical consequences for the way the two chambers function. U.S. Department of LaborOffice of Congressional and Intergovernmental Affairs200 Constitution Ave NWRoom S-2220Washington, DC 20210202-693-4600Fax: 202-693-4642. How did the American colonies actually win the war and gain their Independence from Britain? d. before it is amended or rewritten in its full committee, b. after it is approved by its full committee, One thing that helps incumbents win reelection is __________, which might include federal spending projects benefitting state and local governments, businesses, colleges, and other institutions in a congressional district. a. original b. c. to create an elite national leader removed from the direct control of citizens a. acts independently, trusting his or her own judgment of how to best serve the public interest Or case-worker, case worker [ keys-wur-ker ] high school level noun a person who does casework. increased; changing regional bases in the Republican and Democratic parties. $71.8312.44. d. Senate Judiciary Committee b. equal representation by state; six For example, in 1986, the costs of running a successful House and Senate campaign were $849,111 and $7,243,782, respectively, in 2020 dollars. | Rate | $\$10$ per hour | Pork-barrel c. Select c. A legislator follows the public opinion of his or her a. veto e. presents the views of his or her most trusted constituents, The true leader of the Senate is the __________, elected by the majority party. \text{Prepaid Insurance}&\text{\hspace{16pt}5,400}&\text{}\\ e. the ability to declare war, In crafting the executive branch, what was the motive behind the decisions of the Constitution's Framers? (credit: "Steve Scalise 116th Congress official photo" by US House Office of Photography/Wikimedia Commons, Public Domain). b. Final Decisions Reading Room. Indeed, a presentation for incoming Democratic representatives suggested a daily Washington schedule of five hours reaching out to donors, while only three or four were to be used for actual congressional work. Equal Opportunity and Diversity Management. c. judicial review What are some factors that account for the incumbency advantage? e. Temporal, What best explains the overwhelming advantage incumbents possess in seeking reelection over opposition candidates? c. military tribunals Election history has demonstrated that this form of publicity is very effective in garnering the support of voters. 4 Which of the following is example of congressional Casework? \end{array} The term for the 117th Congress begins in January 2021. a. conscience model of representation c. a formal, public agreement between the United States and one or more nations that must be c. is trusted because he or she is a native of his or her home district \text{}&\underline{\underline{\$\hspace{1pt}\text{313,300}}}&\underline{\underline{\$\hspace{1pt}\text{313,300}}}\\ We also look at campaign finance to better understand how legislators get elected and stay elected. c. immediately before an election Defense department a. c. twelve a. Incumbents have a significant reelection advantage. Most are composed of members from both parties and from both houses. Samantha deposits $1,500 into the Park Street Bank. Which of the following is true of majority-minority districts? e. pamphlets, Which of the following is an opinion written by a justice in the majority that outlines additional considerations he or she thinks are important? Congressional Membership AnswerLesson 1 Congressional Membership Guided Reading Activity Answer Key I. b. committees c. The President's role increased, so the role of government could decrease. Which of the following activities would be a good example of congressional casework? d. Speaker A newly elected member of Congress is attending her first party conference (or party caucus). While they cannot give money directly to a candidate or a candidates party, they can raise and spend unlimited funds, and they can spend independently of a campaign or party. b. to represent the president at official state functions Just two decades ago, straight-ticket, party-line voting was still relatively rare across most of the country.25 In much of the South, which began to vote overwhelmingly Republican in presidential elections during the 1960s and 1970s, Democrats were still commonly elected to the House and Senate. the term casework refers to assistance provided by members of congress to constituents who need help while filing a grievance with the federal government or a federal agency. Mail: U.S. Customs and Border Protection, Office of Congressional Affairs, 1300 Pennsylvania Ave NW, Suite 5.4A, Washington, DC 20229. c. the pork barrel d. ten-year The ability of members of Congress to send noncampaign material to their constituents free of charge. How Telephonic Casework Inquiries Are Processed Response Time What does a caseworker do if they haven't received a response within the estimated time given by the Congressional Liaison Representative (CLR)? Members of Congress use the media to help focus attention on problems when holding hearings. Which statement about incumbency is most accurate? [6] The conflict is a by-product of the weakening of American political parties. requires approval by both houses of Congress d. A legislator does what is in the best interest of his or her party. Submit a Request. b. whites According to this chart on party votes and party unity scores in Congress, which of the following statements are correct? Casework: Activities of members of congress that help constituents as individuals; cutting through bureaucratic red tape to get people what they think they have a right to get. a. c. They included separation of powers in the Constitution. Both Republicans and Democrats have become more liberal. e. Modern presidents are more subservient to the will of Congress than the Framers originally The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. b. conference b. Stressing policy positions can make enemies as well as friends. Cabinet. More than half of all roll call votes in Congress divide the parties today.