Qatar - Sheikh Hamad Bin Jassim Bin Jabr Al-Thani Russia - Vladimir Putin, President of Russia Rwanda - Paul Kagame, President of Rwanda Saudi Arabia - King Fahd bin Abdul Aziz, King of Saudi Arabia Somalia - Hassan Sheikh Mohamud, President of Somalia South Sudan - Salva Kiir Mayardit, President But this is not the first time Myanmar is having the bitter taste of autocracy, in fact, their governance turned . [67] In Europe it was often thought of in terms of Bonapartism and Caesarism, with the former describing the military rule of Napoleon and the latter describing the imperial rule of Napoleon III in the vein of Julius Caesar. He responded by ordering the confiscation of food, impossible farming yield quotas, banning private farming for substenance, and introducing internal passports and residency permits, which prevented villagers from seeking food elsewhere. [126] Four strategies of political control commonly employed by dictatorships are repression, indoctrination, coercive distribution, and infiltration. In fact, you may devise any chart you like concerning politics or anything else and label left and right however you choose. [86] After a brief period of democratization, Latin America underwent a rapid transition toward dictatorship in the 1930s. He was also ranked 19th in Parade Magazine's Top 20 list of "The World's Worst Dictators". Semi-competitive elections also have the effect of incentivizing members of the ruling party to provide better treatment of citizens so they will be chosen as party nominees due to their popularity. The leader of a dictatorship is called a dictator.Politics in a dictatorship are controlled by the dictator and facilitated through an inner circle of elites that include advisers, generals, and other high-ranking officials. [137] In the 21st century, dictatorships have moved toward greater integration with the global community and increasingly attempt to present themselves as democratic. As the Cold War went on, the Soviet Union increased its influence in Africa, and MarxistLeninist dictatorships developed in several African countries. Giving ultimate power and control to just one person is not ideal, as it can lead to future unrest and problems. The dictator maintains control by influencing and appeasing the inner circle while repressing any opposition, which may include rival political parties, armed resistance, or disloyal members of the inner circle. Democracies are classified by the rules in which executives can be appointed or removed and can be either presidential, mixed or semi-presidential, or parliamentary. This is a list of famous examples of fascism across history. Therefore, the entire country operates on the whims of that one person. Bettmann Archive / Getty Images. Despite repeated promises to leave office in 2024 (when his term limit is reached), Putin spearheaded a 2020 constitutional amendment enabling him to remain in power until 2036. A presidential democracy has a government that does not need the majority support of a legislature to stay in power. Therefore, it is impossible to know if the regime is a democracy or a dictatorship, so DD Index considers them dictatorships until an alternation in power occurs. Other factors associated with military coups include extensive natural resources, limited use of the military internationally, and use of the military as an oppressive force domestically. Right now, 74% families are homeowners. There are currently 22 dictators in Africa, some worse than others. They are often characterized by their use of violence and repression to maintain power. Political control is any tactic through which the state seeks to gain compliance from society. Early African dictatorships were primarily personalist socialist dictatorships, in which a single socialist would take power instead of a ruling party. But to understand the dictatorship in Cuba . Single-party dictatorships are one-party states in which only the party in power is legalized and all opposition parties are banned. Political scientists such as Juan Jos Linz and Samuel P. Huntington identify key attributes that define the power structure of a dictatorship, including a single leader or a small group of leaders, the exercise of power with few limitations, limited political pluralism, and limited mass mobilization. [16], Most dictatorships are formed through military means or through a political party. Kim Il-Sung The first leader of the North Korean dictatorship from 1948 until 1994, he established North Korea as a communist state. Democracy and Dictatorship: Conceptualization and Measurement", "Democracy and Dictatorship: Conceptualization and Measurement", Divergent Incentives for Dictators: Domestic Institutions and (International Promises Not to) Torture, "Cooperation, Cooptation, and Rebellion Under Dictatorships", "How Foreign Aid Can Foster Democratization in Authoritarian Regimes", "Tyrants and Terrorism: Why Some Autocrats are Terrorized While Others are Not", "Dictatorship: Modern Tyranny Between Leviathan and Behemoth (Version 2.0) (english version)", 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198716204.001.0001, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dictatorship&oldid=1142733963, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using sidebar with the child parameter, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. scholarly analysis of Mussolini, Hitler, Stalin and Mao, as well as Kim Il-sung of North Korea; Franois Duvalier, or Papa Doc, of Haiti; Nicolae Ceauescu of Romania; and Mengistu Haile Mariam of Ethiopia. In the past, they wore olive-green uniforms and used military might to gain power. North Korea is one of the clearest examples of a totalitarian government. Kim Jong-Il (1.6 million deaths) Kim Jong-il in 2010. [74] The Bolsheviks consolidated power by 1922, forming the Soviet Union. Donal Blaine Aidan Cinhil Haldane, 24th king of Gwynedd, reigned 1074 to 1095. [24], Military dictatorships often have traits in common due to the shared background of military dictators. The deadliest dictatorships are discussed below. The Five Kinds of Dictatorship 1. [124], The type of economy in a dictatorship can affect how it functions. Van den Bosch, Jeroen J. J., Personalist Rule in Africa and Other World Regions, (London-New York: Routledge, 2021): 13-16, wave of left-wing revolutionary movements, List of countries by system of government, "Review: Totalitarianism, Social Science, and the Margins", "Generals, Dictators, and Kings: Authoritarian Regimes and Civil Conflict, 19732004", "Elites, Single Parties and Political Decision-making in Fascist-era Dictatorships", "Theories of dictatorships: sub-types and explanations", "Personalization of Power and Repression in Dictatorships", "The Tyranny of Dictatorship: When the Greek Tyrant Met the Roman Dictator", "The Five Ancient Criteria of Democracy: The Apotheosis of Equality", "When was the title Dictator perpetuus given to Caesar? [99] A 1953 coup overseen by the American and British governments restored Mohammad Reza Pahlavi as the absolute monarch of Iran, who in turn was overthrown during the Iranian Revolution of 1979 that established Ruhollah Khomeini as the Supreme Leader of Iran under an Islamist government. [20][21] They are most common in developing nations in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Photo: Lars Klove. The 2010 version of Polity data series covers 189 countries from 1800 to 2009. [148], Terrorism is less common in dictatorships. [3] Elites must also compete to wield more power than one another, but the amount of power held by elites also depends on their unity. President Vladimir Putin is currently serving his fourth term as President of Russia. ", "Dictators and Their Followers: A Theory of Dictatorship", "The many Robespierres from 1794 to the present", "A Family of Political Concepts: Tyranny, Despotism, Bonapartism, Caesarism, Dictatorship, 1750-1917", "The Age of the Caudillos: A Chapter in Hispanic American History", "Europe Will be a Fascist Europe: July 1934May 1936", "African military coups d'tat, 19562001: frequency, trends and distribution", "From Protest to Change of Regime: The 419 Revolt and The Fall of the Rhee Regime in South Korea*", "The waning of the military coup in Arab politics", "Introduction: Studying Communist Dictatorships: From Comparative to Transnational History", "Military Coups and Military Rule in Latin America", "Cuba: The United States and Batista, 1952-58", "The Predicament of Europe's 'Last Dictator', "The Kremlin Emboldened: How Putin Wins Support", "The Resistible Rise of Vladimir Putin: Russia's Nightmare Dressed Like a Daydream", "Biden suggests Putin is a 'dictator' who has committed 'genocide half a world away', "EIU Democracy Index 2020 - World Democracy Report", "5. Its territory covers 652,000 km, making it the 41st largest country in the world. They may be military officers, party members, or friends and family of the dictator. [92] Deng Xiaoping took power as the de facto leader of China after Mao's death and implemented reforms to restore stability following the Cultural Revolution and reestablish free market economics. Dictatorships have shallow levels of freedom. [6], The opposition to a dictatorship represents all of the factions that are not part of the dictatorship and anyone that does not support the regime. Bangladesh Barbados Belarus Belgium Belize Benin Bhutan Bolivia Bosnia and Herzegovina Botswana Brazil Brunei Bulgaria Burkina Faso Burundi C Cabo Verde Cambodia Cameroon Canada Central African Republic Chad Chile China Colombia Comoros Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Republic of the Costa Rica Cte d'Ivoire Croatia Cuba Cyprus Marxist one-party states are sometimes distinguished from other one-party states, but they function similarly. They are ruled by one-party or military dictatorships, religious hierarchies, or autocrats. Skyline of Downtown Dubai with Burj Khalifa from a Helicopter. United Arab Emirates 2.69/10. The Modern World's Dictatorship Countries African Dictators A Global View of Dictators Is China a dictatorship? [32], One-party dictatorships became prominent in Asia and Eastern Europe during the Cold War as communist governments were installed in several countries. He was a German legislator, organizer of Nazi party and furthermore filled in as Chancellor of Germany from 1933 to 1945. Military dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the inherent military strength associated with such a regime, and personalist dictatorships are more prone to conflict due to the weaker institutions to check the dictator's power. (2010), Cheibub, Gandhi, and Vreeland developed a six-fold regime classification scheme, resulting what the authors called as the DD datasets. The totalitarian dictatorship of Adolf Hitler in Germany , from 1933 to 1945. [14], Unless they have undertaken a self-coup, those seizing power typically have little governmental experience and do not have a detailed policy plan in advance. [17] Between 1946 and 2010, 42% of dictatorships began by overthrowing a different dictatorship, and 26% began after achieving independence from a foreign government. One of its most notable examples was Holodomor, where Joseph Stalin blamed the shortages of grain on "enemies of the state" who hoarded it. Korea experienced military dictatorships under the rule of Yeon Gaesomun in the 7th century[58] and under the rule of the Goryeo military regime in the 12th and 13th centuries. Some of the principal drivers of indoctrination are mass education policies, propaganda, and censorship. A dictatorship is an authoritarian structure of government. Also called a dominant party dictatorship or one-party state. Today, there are only five communist states, some of which are struggling to hold on to communism. Click to visit dictatorship | Definition, Characteristics, Countries [8]:465 Some countries, such as Greece and Bulgaria, stipulate who the head of state chooses as head of government. Allowing the opposition to have representation in the regime, such as through a legislature, further reduces the likelihood of terrorist attacks in a dictatorship. [1]:70. [1] Several dictatorships have persisted into the 21st century, particularly in Africa and Asia. [80] Italian dictator Benito Mussolini seized power in 1922, and began implementing reforms in 1925 to create the first fascist dictatorship. As of early 2022, the countries of Afghanistan, Eritrea, North Korea, and Turkmenistan are the only nations in the world whose governments are generally considered to be totalitarian dictatorships. [107] The development of the internet and digital communication in the 21st century have prompted dictatorships to shift from traditional means of control to digital ones, including the use of artificial intelligence to analyze mass communications, internet censorship to restrict the flow of information, and troll farms to manipulate public opinion. He arose to power in Italy in 1922, following the so-called 'March on Rome', in which his . The government was described as a dictatorship of the proletariat in which power was exercised by soviets. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Ruling parties allow a dictatorship to more broadly influence the populace and facilitate political agreement between party elites. A political rival accused Obiang of cannibalism in 2004, but no evidence to support the claim has ever surfaced. [8], Totalitarianism is a variation of dictatorship characterized by the presence of a single political party and more specifically, by a powerful leader who imposes personal and political prominence. Mao consolidated his control of the People's Republic of China with the Cultural Revolution in the 1960s, which involved the destruction of all elements of capitalism and traditionalism in China. Poverty alleviation in these 10 dictatorship countries is in some cases associated with human rights abuses, violent crackdowns on the political opposition and indigenous people. [47] Personalist dictatorships also experience growth differently, as they often lack the institutions or qualified leadership to sustain an economy. [37], Personalist dictators typically favor loyalty over competence in their governments and have a general distrust of intelligentsia. Terrible things have been done in the name of socialism and here are some of the most rigorous dictators. [27] One-party rule also developed in several countries in Africa during decolonization in the 1960s and 1970s, some of which produced authoritarian regimes. [54][55] The concept of "dictator" was first developed during the Roman Republic. The result is that such regimes have no internal checks and balances, and are thus unrestrained when exerting repression on their people, making radical shifts in foreign policy, or starting wars with other countries.