san antonio housing authority payment standards

San Antonio Express-News Commentary: A vow to disrupt San Antonios affordable housing system, San Antonio Housing Authority Reflects Transformational Change with New Name, San Antonio Housing Authority Reflects Transformational Change. There is no notice of when this waiting list will reopen. 2 Bedroom Birkdale Apartments for rent in Summerville, SC - See official floorplans, pictures, prices & info for available 2 Bedroom Summerville apartments near Birkdale. Fax: (415) 472-2186. Look up the payment standard based on the size of the rental unit within the applicable zip code: ZIP Code . The Housing Authority of Bergen County was established in 1964 with the goal of providing housing opportunities for low income families and older adults. A payment standard is HACA's maximum allowable monthly assistance toward an . A house is a structure, a place of shelter, somewhere to live. PIH Notice 2022-26 Registration of Interest for HUD-VASH Vouchers 2022 HUD-VASH Registration of Interest PowerPoint. Due to special voucher programs like VASH, recent waiting list purges, or waiting list preferences the average wait time can vary significantly from one year to the next and it is entirely possible many current applicants on the waiting list have been waiting for assistance for far longer. 3% of households were headed by a person 24 years old or less, 57% were headed by a person 25 to 49 years old, 24% were headed by a person 51 to 60 years old, and 17% were headed by a person 62 years old or older. Table of Contents. We will still offer the same services but with an emphasis on compassion, equity and excellence. 24 CFR 983.301 Determining the rent to owner. Accessible units are spread across all public housing and elderly and disabled housing properties.". Wheatley Park Senior Section 8 Project-Based Voucher, San Antonio Housing Authority Senior and Disabled Public Housing, 504 Accessible Housing Senior and Disabled Public Housing, La Posada Section 8 Moderate Rehabilitation, Serento Section 8 Moderate Rehabilitation, Prospect Hill Section 8 Moderate Rehabilitation Senior, Bexar County, Texas Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher, Gardens at San Juan Square Section 8 Project-Based Voucher, Learn more about what happens after the application is submitted. HUD must not abandon its duty to fight housing discrimination. More Information San Antonio Housing Authority The San Antonio Housing Authority provides stable, quality affordable housing opportunities for low and moderate income families throughout the local community. The SAHA last accepted applications for this waiting list from the earliest confirmed date of September 1, 2020, until an unconfirmed date in 2022. The San Antonio Housing AuthorityElderly/DisabledPublic Housingwaiting list for 504 Accessible Housingapartmentsis currently open. The HCV program is an income-based program and the amount of your housing assistance depends upon your income. For more information, visit the SAHA website. HABC Programs - Housing Authority Of Bexar County Our Programs HOUSING CHOICE VOUCHER MAINSTREAM VOUCHER EMERGENCY HOUSING VOUCHER FAMILY SELF-SUFFICIENT VETERANS AFFAIRS SUPPORTIVE HOUSING FYI PROGRAM ENERGY ASSISTANCE PROGRAM Have A Question? It is our mission to provide quality, affordable housing to income eligible families while offering opportunities to achieve self-sufficiency and economic independence. 1815 Egbert Avenue, 0000017178 00000 n 0000003059 00000 n Deputy Director Christie Chapman San Antonio Housing Authority offers the Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher (HCV), Public Housing and Moving to Work programs in Bexar County. Voucher Payment Standards (current) effective 3/30/2022-12/31/2022. Fax (415) 472-2186. But a home is a place where memories and traditions are created, and big dreams come alive. ]74=Zt!5u5B(Fje[mGeI[ ?XR%qX;P"Z=\ln wiv$F$f Para ayuda, por favor llmenos al (909) 890-0644. Para ayuda, por favor llmenos al (909) 890-0644. 0000002516 00000 n **. 2002-2023 ApartmentSmart.com, Inc.Affordable Housing Online is not affiliated with any housing authority or apartment community, and does not manage any affordable housing programs. A federal rule that enables low-income families with housing vouchers to access apartments in higher opportunity areas has gone into effect in January for almost two dozen metro areas, including San Antonio. 1 day ago&0183;&32;Dashboard - Affordable Housing Impact. Published Date: Sep. 26, 2019 11% of voucher recipients are considered overhoused, meaning they occupy a rental unit larger than their family size requires. The San Antonio Housing Authoritywaiting list for Elderly/DisabledPublic Housingapartmentsis currently open. Fax: (512) 392-4272. Sacramento Housing & Redevelopment Agency 630 I Street, Sacramento CA 95814 (916) 440-1390 | TTY 711 or 1 (800) 855-7100 | www.shra.org. 0 The family's voucher will show the number of bedrooms authorized by the Housing Authority, based on the number of persons in the family. SAN ANTONIO: 11/01/2021: Currently San Antonio Housing Authority is accepting applications for public housing, PBV and MOD housing. %PDF-1.4 % &0183;&32;HACSJs Voucher Payment Standards for the Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher program are as follows for new move-ins and annual reexamination effective January 1, 2021. . 0000031552 00000 n Lets Find The solution Together San Antonio families must make less than 80% of the median household income to qualify for Section 8 housing vouchers which permit the federal government to cover a portion of their rent. Standard Specifications and Details Standard Specifications and Details Physical Address City Tower 100 W. Houston St., 15th Floor San Antonio, TX 78205 Mailing Address P.O. Submit a request for a sidewalk obstruction. Step 1: Find Census Tract Code Step 2: Determine Submarket . 0000003024 00000 n The San Antonio Housing Authority (SAHA) SeniorSection 8 Moderate Rehabilitation waiting list for apartments at Prospect Hillis currently open. Learn more about what happens after the application is submitted. HUD requires 75 of all new households admitted to the program be at or below 30 of the area median income. &0183;&32;The San Antonio Housing Authority (now Opportunity Home San Antonio) provides housing services to the San Antonio community through the Public Housing, Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher and Mixed-Income Housing programs. 4020 Civic Center Drive. Houston Housing Authority (HHA) is hosting virtual orientations twice a month for prospective landlords. Continue with Recommended Cookies. The Housing Choice Office is located at 1201 Thorpe Lane. The payment standard is used to calculate the amount of assistance a family will receive. 16 0 obj <> endobj [*Djp&u10a?0 If you have any questions or concerns, please contact us by phone at (210) 477-6208 or by email at Inspections@homesa.org. The Housing Policy and Programs Division operates programs and services related to homebuyer assistance, home repair, lead hazard abatement, and small business storefront improvement in targeted areas. In order to qualify for this tax savings program, your property must meet the following criteria: 1. 1 day ago&0183;&32;2022 Holliston Housing Payment Standards. Housing Quality Standard Inspections; Landlord Portal; Residents and Participants. If Maximum Family Rent is over 40% monthly adjusted income, contract rent cannot be approved. 0000045552 00000 n 0000007315 00000 n All Public Housing residents can make a request for service by calling the Maintenance Work Order Center at 210-477-6800. maximum rent that can be charged by landlords, &0183;&32;The San Antonio Housing Authority, on financial programs and resources available to landlords, sanitary housing to eligible households whose annual, vouchers are administered in partnership with the U, &0183;&32;HACSJs Voucher Payment Standards for, to search for any of these location names, San Bernardino (South) Submarket 7 - East Valley, Choice Office is located at 1201 Thorpe Lane, 1 day ago&0183;&32;2022 Holliston Housing, by business class and eventually economy class, HUD-VASH Vouchers 2022 HUD-VASH Registration of Interest PowerPoint, you can contact the San Antonio Housing Authority, &0183;&32;Housing Authority Landlord Newsletter August, Consider carefully the added cost of advice, Use past performance only to determine consistency and risk, It's futile to predict the economy and interest rates, You have plenty of time to identify and recognize exceptional companies, Good management is very important - buy good businesses, Be flexible and humble, and learn from mistakes, Before you make a purchase, you should be able to explain why you are buying. All Public Housing residents can make a request for service by calling the Maintenance Work Order Center at 210-477-6800. 0000005845 00000 n HACSJ's Voucher Payment Standards for the Section 8 . The funding will be used to facilitate private sector andor non-profit development of single-family, multi-family or mixed-use housing for the public purpose of. Utility Allowance Opportunity Home provides a monthly utility allowance to eligible families for tenant-paid utilities. An example of data being processed may be a unique identifier stored in a cookie. Moving forward, all recertifications will be completed on a triennial schedule . If you are willing to sell your soul for the benefits then SAHA is the place to do it. trailer To ensure a uniform inspection standard is used state . Please use the DHA Utility Chart to determine. The property must be located in a census tract with a poverty rate below 12%. 4. %PDF-1.6 % 0 To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. 0000074304 00000 n Careers; About Us. It is not known how applicants will be placed on the waiting list. Director/City Engineer Anthony Chukwudolue, P.E. The amount of rent the Housing Authority can approve for a unit depends on the . Step 3 : Receive Your New Voucher and Return a Signed Copy to SCCHA. A house is a structure, a place of shelter, somewhere to live. It is not known how applicants were placed on the waiting list. Housing Programs At Fort Worth Housing Solutions, we believe everyone deserves an affordable home. The AHHA is accepting applications for this waiting list from the earliest confirmed date of April 21, 2022, until further notice. Instead of setting the payment standards according to zip codes, the San Antonio Housing Authority proposes an initial one-year phase during which it will divide its payment standards into two tiers. 5-Year Plan FYB 07-2020 Administrative Plan for the Housing Choice Voucher Program Affordable Rental Housing Resource Guide Payment Standards for Monterey County **Please note that the payment standards are used to calculate the tenants portion of the rent in the HCVP. Residentes de San Antonio: Los residentes de San Antonio que estn experimentando una emergencia y dificultades, enven su solicitud de asistencia.Vea la asistencia del programa y las directrices de ingresos aqu.. Residentes del Condado de Bexar: El 21 de enero, el . TTY: 711 Moving to Work is a HUD program that allows local housing agencies the flexibility to pursue innovative, locally-designed policies that promote self-sufficiency among residents. The Authority is available via phone and e-mail from 8 AM to 5 PM Monday through Friday. Housing Authority of the County of San Bernardino HACSB ofrece asistencia idiomtica gratis. 4 0 obj <> endobj Step 4 : Locate a New Rental Unit That Will Accept Your Housing Choice Voucher. hb```l@9``XfRQV`( `I$aLt&lxq3vi.nac9!%Yf>ikr ef`z -D~yB ' From their website: "Counselors can discuss concerns involving evictions, repairs, security deposits, utilities billing and termination, code violations, lease disputes, occupancy standards and other related issues. 0000058353 00000 n Small Area FMRs are required to be used to set Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher payment standards in areas designated by HUD (available here ). San Rafael CA 94903. 0000083869 00000 n & phone numbers, Hours INCOME TYPES NOT INCLUDED IN ANNUAL INCOME. We and our partners use data for Personalised ads and content, ad and content measurement, audience insights and product development. RV"".xXzM-= h "j]&j$umD9@.'LO%!k~bk. Tenant must work with landlord to lower contract rent or find another unit. A nonprofit and two voucher-holding residents sued HUD and Secretary Ben Carson, and in December, a federal judge blocked the delay, making the rule effective in January 2018 as scheduled. . Moving to Work is designed to help residents have greater access to opportunity and choice and allow flexibility to localities that helps facilitate that. The maximum amount a voucher would pay on behalf of a low-income tenant in San Antonio, Texas for a two-bedroom apartment is between 1,049 and 1,282. terraria seed with no corruption. |. According to 2016 Q4 Picture of Subsidized Households data, the average voucher household contains 2.6 persons and has a household income of $12,003 per year. Of all households participating in the San Antonio Housing Authority Housing Choice Voucher program, 27% include at least one person with a disability. A community of possibilities. To apply during the opening period, complete the online application here. 34 recent views. S. 3. 0000045328 00000 n . Read More. Housing Choice Voucher / Landlords. 43 0 obj <>stream 0 BR 1 BR 2 BR 3 BR 4 BR 5 BR 6 BR 7 BR 8 BR; 0 BR 2,209 1 BR 2,491. 94% of households were very low income (VLI) and 75% were extremely low income (ELI). The green area will have payments set at 100 percent of the metropolitan areas fair market rent, while the gray area will be set at 90 percent. The average voucher holder has received housing benefits for 10 years and 11 months. In addition, 1% of households were headed by a person 85 years old or older. An evaluation of the Small Area Fair Market Rent rule, which was piloted a few years ago in several cities, found that the higher payment standards for apartments in higher opportunity areas led to more families moving to neighborhoods that suit their families needs. Payment standards vary by ZIP code and unit size. By clicking submit, you agree to share your email address with the site owner and Mailchimp to receive marketing, updates, and other emails from the site owner. 2022-06-23; By ; pyle national gyralight; san antonio housing authority payment standards. Comprehensive Plan Committee, May 15, 2019 (PDF), Vulnerable Communities Assessment (PDF - 18MB), Presentation: An Analysis of Housing Vulnerability in San Antonio, January 30, 2018 (PDF - 22MB), Technical Memorandum and Presentation:The Fiscal Impact of Residential Development (PDF), Neighborhood & Housing Services Department (NHSD), Office of Urban Redevelopment SA (Our SA), City of San Antonio Affordable Housing Business Plan Progress, An Analysis of Housing Vulnerability in San Antonio, The Fiscal Impact of Residential Development. Find a Public Housing Agency (PHA): If you need public housing assistance or would like specific information about public housing programs such as housing choice vouchers, please contact any of the following Housing Agencies. This is not the Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher program. 10,000applicants were placed on the waiting list by random lottery. 3 Bedroom. All of the creatures will be free unless you would like them to be grown before bought I will only be growing creatures up to adult (age 66-68) Price guide (Insert tier) x 20. You need to follow five steps: Step 1 : Contact Your Housing Specialist to Determine Your Eligibility. Empowering. 0000011649 00000 n Our work in the community remains the same. Please note:According to the SAHA, "504 accessible housing is reserved for residents who require a wheelchair accessible unit. must be included in the calculation of housing assistance for a family and in determining if a unit is within the applicable Payment Standard. Collaborating. How much is the rent? There is no notice of when this waiting list will reopen. Status Opened On 11232021. Visit Website. Opportunity Home provides a monthly utility allowance to eligible families for tenant-paid utilities. Maximum Family Rent is 40% monthly adjusted income. It is our privilege to serve the families of San Angelo, Tom Green County, and the surrounding counties. Families participating in the Housing Choice Voucher (HCV) program benefit from a subsidy each month to help pay their rent and utilities. w=`a/;@N3 8' t Section 8 Payment Standards Payment Standards and Fair Market Rents The Payment Standard is the maximum monthly amount of assistance a family can receive in the Housing Choice Voucher program and is based on the region's fair market rent and funding from HUD. The hours of operation are Monday through Friday from 8:00am to 5:00pm. 0000017108 00000 n HUD Website. Presentation: City of San Antonio Affordable Housing Business Plan Progress hZn9>&l``'eddc-CgS"'2BMVbF1f;f3c%3I33x%9KdyfBKf5S%X2KcZppy%LkL[9`1{FI43JTB (h*' @h^^I1/j'+:~_Oox18r To apply during the opening period, applicants were required to complete the online application. View Page HCV Participant Documents HCV Waitlist Change of Address FormTenant Information FormFamily ObligationsZero Income AffidavitMove Packet NoticePort Out Request 0000002048 00000 n The San Antonio Housing Authority (SAHA) Section 8 Moderate Rehabilitation waiting list for apartments at La Posada is currently open. hbbd```b``"KA$D9HV0i&V6;4Z6'D&@1n" ;I 2w 5)`zHm00120fD24!30:~0 # Our Customer Care Team is fully operational. %%EOF The San Antonio Housing Authority (SAHA) Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher waiting list is closed. 1954 E Houston St. San Antonio, Tx 78202 (210) - 225 - 0071; Privacy Policy; Terms And Conditions 473 0 obj <> endobj Whoops! Status Opened On 11232021. S8 Rental Assistance Program Payment Standards 2022 Utility Allowance Schedules 2022 Public Agency Annual Plan. PHA Staff Contact Information 10.2022. 0000032092 00000 n Removing Barriers to Affordable Housing Development Subcommittee (RBSC) is charged with recommending improvements to the Unified Development Code and other City process to facilitate more affordable housing development in San Antonio. To find the payment standard that applies to your unit, do the following: Determine the ZIP code for the unit's address; Determine the lesser of the The Housing Choice Voucher Program implemented flat utility allowances, which will eliminate fluctuation in the contract rent amounts for program participants. The agencys goal is to achieve proportional concentrations of voucher holders across the service area by 2018. Therefore, you should be ready to search for any of these location names. It is through the diligent work of staff and community partners that we are able to continue the work LHA has done in the community since 1939. In the Housing Authority jurisdiction, which includes all of Santa Cruz County and the cities of Hollister and San Juan Bautista, payment standards vary by ZIP code and number of bedrooms. The Division also provides policy analysis to the NHSD Director to facilitate the creation of additional homeownership and rental housing that is affordable for working families, and the preservation of existing housing in San Antonio. 1815 Egbert Avenue, San Francisco, California 94124 More information & phone numbers. 1 day ago&0183;&32;Services &187; Housing Authority. . Shading indicates that the payment standard amount for the unit size in the specified ZIP code area has been reduced from the previous year. tx cedar knolls seaport siding new homes for sale atwater ca beautiful actress under 20 sandpaper for drywall spackle standard finders fee percentage. The following Payment Standards are effective February 1, 2022. To determine if your property is located in an eligible census tract, please visit https://geomap.ffiec.gov/FFIECGeocMap/GeocodeMap1.aspx. The annual income consists of all anticipated income for every member of the household. To begin with, two tiers are not sufficient and not in compliance with the rule. View Section 8 properties. %%EOF Applications are being accepted since at leastSeptember, 2020, until further notice. See further analysis from the Center on Budget and Policy Priorities here. Department of Housing Income Limits 2022 San Mateo County Income Limits effective 4/18/2022 Income Limits by Family Size - Very Low Income - 50% AMI (Area Median Income) Family of 1: $65,250 Family of 2: $74,600 Family of 3: $83,900 Family of 4: 93,200 Family of 5: $100,700 Family of 6: $108,150 Family of 7: $115,600 Family of 8: $123,050 6 Bedroom *30008 . Marin Housing Authority. If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. By law, if a family moves to a new unit where the rent exceeds the payment standard, the . Considering the results of this evaluation of the pilot program, it appears that administrative burden nor cost prohibitiveness is an excuse for the San Antonio Housing Authority seeking an exemption from this important federal rule. 0000008608 00000 n Please Note: Due to the decentralized nature of affordable housing information, the information about this waiting list may be out of date. There was an error and we couldn't process your subscription. 0000058572 00000 n Applications are being accepted as of September, 2020, until further notice. endstream endobj startxref . The answer seems like a no-brainer. But for the administrators of the San Antonio Housing Authority the answer is, No.. Hn6z Can I get an extension on my Voucher? Please be aware that the San Antonio Housing Authority (SAHA) is updating schedules for recertifications effective after August 1, 2022. The Housing Choice Voucher Program implemented flat utility allowances, which will eliminate fluctuation in the contract rent amounts for program participants. After one year of occupancy, a Project-Based Voucher tenant may request to be placed on a waiting list to receive the next available Housing Choice Voucher or similar tenant-based rental assistance. When calculating this number, HUD looks at all units that have been rented in that specific area over the last 15 months. Each year HUD comes up with this number for over 2,500 areas of the country. The San Antonio Housing Authority Section 8 Project-Based Voucher waiting list for apartments at Gardens at San Juan Square is currently open. 0000030270 00000 n The program provides financial assistance for decent, safe and sanitary housing to eligible households whose annual. For more information about Payment Standards, please review our Facts About Payment Standards fact sheet. Please reload the page and try again. Payment standards are used to calculate the housing authoritys maximum housing subsidy for a voucher program participant based on the unit size that the participant is eligible to rent. MARIETTA HOUSING AUTHORITY. The Section 8 Voucher Payment Standard is the most the Housing Authority can pay to help a family with rent. Texas, you can contact the San Antonio Housing Authority. 0000031787 00000 n San Marcos, TX 78666. 0000017157 00000 n 34% of voucher holders reside in a home with zero or 1 bedroom, 29% with 2 bedrooms and 37% with 3 or more bedrooms. 5 Bedroom . 0000074801 00000 n Moving to Work is not a loophole through which local housing authorities can avoid compliance with federal policy that promotes housing choice among low-income households. The SAHA last accepted applications for this waiting list from the earliest confirmed date ofSeptember 1, 2020, until an unconfirmed date in 2022. Use the unsubscribe link in those emails to opt out at any time. 0000001732 00000 n San Francisco, California 94124 LEARN MORE. If the Owner fails to meet their obligations under the lease, HABC has the right to terminate assistance payments. Updated on Sep 27, 2022. Documents. We offer several different types of housing. 8022 Razi Hosseini, P. This is the maximum amount of assistance a family can receive, but the owner's monthly payment from the housing authority may be different. SAN DIEGO HOUSING COMMISSION (SDHC) PAYMENT STANDARDS AND INCOME LIMITS Area SRO 0 bdrm 1 bdrm 2 bdrm 3 bdrm 4 bdrm 5 bdrm 6 bdrm 7 bdrm 8 bdrm Choice Communities 92101, 92108, 92122, 92124, 92127, 92128, 92130 & 92131 $1,625 $2,167 $2,409 $3,114 $4,381 $5,390 $6,199 $7,006 $7,815 $8,624 Enterprise Communities The Housing Authority of the City and County of San Francisco (SFHA) is hosting a pre-proposal conference for the 22-020-RFP-004 Finance Operations Consultant Services on Friday, August 12, 2022 from 100-200pm PST. In Georgia, Cobb County is ranked 113rd of 159 counties in Housing Authorities per capita, and 24th of 159 counties in . The agency writes in its Moving to Work Plan that the rule would entail having 90 separate payment standards for each of the zip codes in the agencys service area, which is burdensome to implement and would be unnecessarily confusing for participants.. The Fair Housing Program of San Antonio accepts calls from Bexar County residents regarding landlord/tenant issues and serves as a mediator. Zoom webinar hosted by the City of San Antonio Neighborhood & Housing Services Department (NHSD) on July 27, 2021 that provides industry guidance on . The program provides financial assistance for decent, safe and sanitary housing to eligible households whose annual gross income does not exceed 50% of HUD's median income guidelines. The main phone number is (210) 477-6000. At Laredo Housing Authority, we strive to create community living through affordable housing opportunities. But a home is a place where memories and traditions are created, and big dreams come alive. Mon - Fri: 8:00AM - 5:00PM 0000058992 00000 n Each local public housing agency has its own set of minimum requirements to qualify for Section 8 housing . Following this initial phase, SAHA will finalize their local submarket payment standards based on the results of Phase I. Public Housing Maintenance Requests: (415) 390-2094. There's always something to worry about - do you know what it is? 0000000016 00000 n The San Antonio Housing AuthoritySenior Section 8 Project-Based Voucherwaiting list for apartments at Wheatley Park is currently open. 53% of households included children, 5% of which had two adults in the household. Please call (831) 454-5977 for questions or assistance. The main phone number is (210) 477-6000. View the Community Resources (PDF).. Asistencia de renta y hipoteca. Box 839966 San Antonio, TX 78283-3966 Phone 210-207-8022 Razi Hosseini, P.E. Many other cities set the standard at 110-120 percent. The SAHA last accepted applications for this waiting listfrom July 8, 2022, until July 13, 2022. SAFMR Payment Standard Effective May 2022 . 86 0 obj <>stream Due to cost, the housing authority says, a cap of 50 current voucher holding households will be given the option to move to Tier 2 with an increased payment of 100 percent of the metropolitan area's fair market rent. The payment standard is the maximum HACSJ could pay. Lease Termination Agreement. 0000002208 00000 n O~^R[D1fpT_WbP9>{$L$7w*tcu2[Vx8e),>?=TV*5o-L'abJ $(g%"o@)Bjixr7=x;M/m:$S&C g8W2Wjuu[wYhUdYx1\Uwca4^LVEGc&ao&h uruN\\W5&? The utility allowances will now be based on bedroom size only and. UTILITY ALLOWANCES. According to the 2016 PSH database, persons who were issued a voucher in the preceding 12 months waited an average of 13 months on the waiting list1. Phone: (415) 491-2525. The average utility allowance across all voucher recipients is $135. The San Antonio Housing Authority is now Opportunity Home San Antonio. 1. HASA Job Opportunities Board Meeting Agendas Texas Rent Relief HASA . Oct 19, 2021 These vouchers are administered in partnership with the U. .