Massachusetts and . The remaining population of Haiti is primarily composed of Mulattoes, Europeans, Asians, and Arabs. [1] This represents a 5.4% increase in population from 2010, when the population was 6.547 million. Haitians living in Boston hold 12,219 jobs and own approximately 455 businesses. Haiti Population 2023 (Live) 11,677,455 According to current projections, Haiti is expected to continue growing until 2070, when the country will reach its peak population of 15.72 million people. [9] The street co-naming was a tribute to Jean-Jacques Dessalines, a former slave who led Haiti to victory, making it the first Latin American country to declare independence from colonial rule, and the first Black republic.[10]. Current projections state that the population of Haiti will be 11,371,185 in 2020, 12,542,964 in 2030, 13,454,085 in 2040, and 14,041,135 in 2050. It was really hard I didnt have anybody to ask for anything.. As of November 2019, 55,300 Haitians held TPS, according to the Congressional Research Service. 2019. As mentioned, the late icons dad was from Port-au-Prince, Haiti. External Processing: A Tool to Expand Protection or Further Restrict Territorial Asylum? "Connecticut is one of 10 states in the U.S. that has a large Haitian population," said Shinn-Desras, who lives in Stamford. How many Airbnb listings are there in Boston? The Haitian art form often tells a moralistic story, with the transformation of a human into an animal as one of its typical aspects. "Haitian Americans. PULSE students are supervised by classroom teachers, the Director of the Computer Lab, the Director of the Food Pantry, or the Coordinator of the parenting groups. It wouldnt do it permanently, but it would help a lot.. Many scholars refer to these Haitian youth as the new second generation.[16] They say that identity formation among Haitian youth is based on many different factors, including first-generation modes of adaption, parental socio-economic status, length and place of residency, certain social constructions of a pluralistic American society (such as racism), as well as others. Massachusetts has the third largest Haitian population in the United States and is home to an estimated 70,000 to 80,000 Haitians. As of 2020, Brazils Haitian population had grown to an estimated 143,000. Still predominantly white in the 1960s, the parishes of St. Leo and St. Matthew in the Franklin Field (now Harambee Park) neighborhood soon became the center of Bostons Haitian community. He provided Haiti, particularly Cange, with basically free medical care. The law states that 55,000 diversity visas in total are made available each fiscal year. Welcome to the Haitian American Business Expo, Inc. Drummers at an event in the Little Haiti neighborhood of Miami. Figure 6. ", Unaeze, Felix Eme, and Richard E. Perrin. Most moved southward, with Randolph and Brockton becoming the two most popular destinations, but several thousand also moved north to Everett and Malden. Here are a few ways you can access this story. Employed Workers in the Civilian Labor Force (ages 16 and older) by Occupation and Origin, 2018. WISCONSIN An estimated 1.1 million people of Haitian ancestry lived in the United States as of 2019, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. I have been utilizing mass transit related services commuting in ad out of Boston for 35 years. Find reports, articles, and other MPI resources on migration to and from Haiti, all in one place. Before the earthquake, Venise said she never thought of leaving Haiti. [43], In 2022, Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick became the first Haitian American to be elected to the House of Representatives representing Florida as well as the first Haitian-American Democratic congressperson. Global remittances represented 37 percent of the countrys GDP in 2019, making Haiti the second-largest recipient of remittances in the world relative to its GDP after Tonga (38 percent). [23] Twitter also provided up to date information and continues to do so in the wake of Hurricane Matthew (October 2016). 2 Haitians, those who were born in Haiti or who identify as Haitian, make up 3.7% of Boston's population (24,955 people). How Will Haiti Reckon with the Duvalier Years? Spotlights from MPI's online journal, the Migration Information Source, use the latest data to provide information on size, geographic distribution, and socioeconomic characteristics of particular immigrant groups, including English proficiency, educational and professional attainment, income and poverty, health coverage, and remittances. Both women said they have faith and pray every day that they will be able to stay in their Boston homes. As a whole, the country has a population density of 1,075 people per square mile (415 people per square kilometer), which ranks 17th in the world. More than 200,000 people were killed, and authorities estimated in July 2010 that 1.5 million people had been displaced by the disaster. The loss is especially strong in Massachusetts, which has the third-largest. Note:Pooled 2014-18 ACS data were used to get statistically valid estimates at the metropolitan statistical-area level for smaller-population geographies.Source:MPI tabulation of data from U.S. Census Bureau pooled 2014-18 ACS. The Haitian people managed to overthrow the French at the Battle of Vertires at the end of 1803 to become a free country. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota, 2020. The population has nearly tripled in the past 50 years, but that kind of growth isn't happening anymore. According to current projections, Haiti is expected to continue growing until 2070, when the country will reach its peak population of 15.72 million people. Figure 7. Latino: Anyone from a country whose language is a romance language. What country has the most Haitian immigrants? How much does it cost to dismantle a pool table? It joined the Catholic Charities network in 1984. The Haitian population in particular is heavily represented in the home health care industry and in nursing homes, but TPS holders are embedded in the Massachusetts economy "across the board . Mainly professionals, artists, and intellectuals, the early arrivals were d Health Coverage for Haitians, All Immigrants, and the Native Born, 2018. The humanitarian crisis has been acutely felt in the state, home to roughly 46,000 Haitians and Haitian Americans, many concentrated in the Boston area the third-largest Haitian diaspora. Whenever Venise has anything to spare, she sends it to her mother in Haiti. The United States used social media platforms to keep up to date intel about the progress of relief/aid working in Haiti. Haitis Painful Evolution from Promised Land to Migrant-Sending Nation, Caribbean Immigrants in the United States, Dominican Immigrants in the United States, United States Abandons its Harder Line on Haitian Migrants in the Face of Latest Natural Disaster, Remain in Mexico Plan Echoes Earlier U.S. Policy to Deter Haitian Migration, A Demographic Profile of Black Caribbean Immigrants in the United States, Select Diaspora Populations in the United States, Changing Demography and Circumstances for Young Black Children in African and Caribbean Immigrant Families. J.O. As the migrantpopulation grew, settlement expanded southward into Mattapan, then a predominantly Jewish district. I have never experienced any issue, Gloucester (Glaw-ster) How do you pronounce the name Gloucester? And the hope is that the extensions are just going to buy people time until a new administration. An Additional 6.7 Million Children under 5 Could Suffer from Wasting This Year Due to COVID-19. 202-266-1900. Located on the western side of Hispaniola Island, Haiti was the first nation to attain independence in Latin America. A lot of serious psychological impacts from having lived through that horrifying earthquake.. In 2000, Florida had 182,224 foreign-born Haitians, 43.5% of the total foreign-born population from Haiti in the United States (this number did not include U.S. citizens of Haitian heritage). Its not very reassuring now to say, Well you can stay till Jan. 2, but we dont know whats going to happen after that. People have their homes and jobs and their kids. 2020. Following this, the population will slowly begin to decline for the rest of the 21st century. Available online. Address: Haitian Multi-Service Center You can try, Tiziana Dearing, Walter Wuthmann, Ali Audet. Despite this unpleasant portrait of this nation, the stoicism that this nation has shown whilst recovering from the catastrophic earthquake is nothing less than remarkable. : (617) 436-2848. current_rating_star_on('453', 0,'0 ratings' ); Life Improvement Force Equality Global Movement Inc We are focus on helping others improve their lives in order to change their standard of living. But in late 2017 and early 2018, the Trump administration announced it was ending TPS protections, . by creating a platform where they can showcase their business to the communities in Massachusetts. Haiti still isnt safe for them or their families, the women agreed, and the opportunities for education and health care in the U.S. are much better. Figure 4. The transformation over these eight or nine years is kind of amazing.. Tel. Suffering from less education, many have had difficulty flourishing in the United States. Schmid, Carol L. "Educational Achievement, Language-Minority Students and the New Second Generation.". U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Framingham city, Massachusetts QuickFacts Framingham city, Massachusetts Table (a) Includes persons reporting only one race (c) Economic Census - Puerto Rico data are not comparable to U.S. Economic Census data (b) Hispanics may be of any race, so also are included in applicable race categories The area is generally regarded as one of the poorest and most dangerous areas of the Western Hemisphere and it is one of the biggest slums in the Northern Hemisphere. Every day they kill people. So much so, that a study found that without TPS holders from Haiti and Central America alone, the Massachusetts economy would lose $645.8 million a year. She was the first Haitian-American elected to state office in the U.S. Also joining us is Linda Dorcena Forry, a former Massachusetts State Senator, the first Haitian-American woman elected to the State Senate, and now a vice president at Suffolk Construction. Across the Charles, a smaller Haitian community had developed in East Cambridge, but by the 21st century, gentrification and rising housing costs had convinced most new arrivals to look elsewhere. Computer and Internet Use. The Haitian Multi-Service Center, the largest social service agency serving the Haitian population in Massachusetts, is a non-profit agency founded in 1978 to meet the needs of the rapidly increasing number of Haitian refugees coming to the area. Cohn, DVera, Jeffrey S. Passel, and Kristen Bialik. Still, between 1995 and 1998, 50,000 Haitians obtained temporary legal status. For El Salvador and Nicaragua, TPS has been in place going on 20 years. Because of this, many Haitian youth come to the United States in order to enter college. However, Central Brooklyn, especially the Flatbush section, has the largest Haitian concentration in the NYC area, and the 2nd largest in the country outside South Florida. Other Haitians participated in the counseling, she said, and she felt better afterward. I think realistically that the hope is that there is going to be another extension, Minahan said. The remaining population of Haiti is primarily composed of Mulattoes, Europeans, Asians, and Arabs. Sometimes, Vanessa says, Mommy, why you sad? I say the problem the president said they dont want us here.. Massachusetts was home to 591,823 women, 527,886 men, and 78,439 children who were immigrants. Thats 14 percent higher than the 2015 estimate and 33 percent higher than the 2010 numbers reported. We think about that all the time.. Having started in Boston, Massachusetts USA, this month of celebration has been picked up by other U.S. cities, including Atlanta, Miami, and New York. Though France and the Spanish-speaking Caribbean (Cuba, Santo Domingo and Puerto Rico) were other major destinations for many immigrants, the United States was a much more popular destination. You have been subscribed to WBUR Today. About 43 percent, or 19,000, of the state's Haitian pop-ulation live in Boston (2000 Census; BRA 2007). Haitian immigrants account for less than 2 percent of the U.S. foreign-born population, though their numbers increased by 17 percent from 2010 (587,000) to 2018 (687,000). Her son is in his senior year of high school, due to graduate in the spring. Haselhoef May. 202-266-1940 | fax. [12][13], Since the 1950s, a new generation of young Haitian immigrants have entered the nation's schools. These aspects of creative expression allow Haitian youth to maintain a strong tie to their Haitian communities that, while informed by an American experience, also adds elements and nuances to American culture. The table above shows that between 2015 and 2020 the total Haitian population has increased by 35,256 people. The farming there mainly consists of small-scale subsistence farming, and thus it is this faction of the workforce that was most affected by the destructive earthquake. It joined the Catholic Charities network in 1984. Multiple lawsuits were filed to try and stop the terminations. Haitian Americans (French: Hatiens-Amricains; Haitian Creole: ayisyen ameriken) are a group of Americans of full or partial Haitian origin or descent. Rebecca Minahan, associate director of legal services at the Irish International Immigrant Center, said post-traumatic stress disorder was not uncommon in the citys Haitian community following the earthquake. The median age of the Haitian population is 23 years of age, with a total life expectancy of 64.2 years. What was the largest colonial, Airbnb Data on 1,568 Vacation Rentals in Boston, MA | MarketMinder. She said she continues to visit the organizations food pantry for help. ', Fact check: A deepfake video falsely depicted Elizabeth Warren speaking about Republicans, Healey announces plan to make community college free for Mass. Haselhoef is the author of Give & Take: Doing Our Damnedest NOT to be Another Charity in Haiti. She co-founded "Yonn Ede Lot" (One Helping Another), a nonprofit that partnered with volunteer groups in La Montagne ("Lamontay"), Haiti from 2007-2013. estimates that of the 435,048 TPS holders in the United States, from 10 different countries, about 12,326 reside in the Bay State. Motion Picture Association of Haiti, Inc. (MPAH). Currently, Massachusetts is the fifteenth most populous U.S. state . Annual Remittances Data, April 2020 update. MIRA supports the lawsuits challenging the Trump administrations move, and the group is also backing the, protections and offer a pathway to citizenship, for more than two million immigrants, including TPS holders. Select one of the maps on this page to visualize global remittance flows in 2012, numerically or as a share of GDP. A gene pool test of Haiti found its people are 95.5% Sub-Saharan African, 4.3% European, and traces of East Asian. The 86,000 Haitians in Massachusetts live primarily in Boston, Somerville, Malden, Randolph, and Brockton. Building Assessments and Rubble Removal in Quake-Affected Neighborhoods in Haiti. [14] These Haitian (American) youth are very diverse in the ways that they identify with Haiti and participate within their different communities. U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts: Woburn city, Massachusetts QuickFacts Woburn city, Massachusetts Table (a) Includes persons reporting only one race (c) Economic Census - Puerto Rico data are not comparable to U.S. Economic Census data (b) Hispanics may be of any race, so also are included in applicable race categories Taft-Morales, Maureen. 5. Available online. With a population of 95,000 people, Niagara Falls depends heavily on tourism and is known as much for the massive falls that straddle an international border as it is for the garishness of its . Dubois, Laurent. New Jersey's Haitian population is still large enough to have made its mark on the state. Haitians were about as likely to live in poverty as the overall immigrant population (14 percent compared to 15 percent) but slightly less likely than the Caribbean foreign-born population (16 percent). Whether its church or businesses or schools. Among Haitian immigrants ages 16 and older, 71 percent participated in the civilian labor force, compared to 66 percent of the overall foreign-born population and 62 percent of the U.S.-born population. [20], By the end of the first week of social media use, post earthquake, Haiti was the topic of one-third of all Twitter posts and the outlets to raise funds for relief aid had amassed $8 million. According to population DNA tests, approximately 85% of the population of Haiti is Black Creole. Thats a fundamental problem, she said. 2018. Schwartz, Timothy T. with Yves-Franois Pierre and Eric Calpas. Minahan said the fear both Venise and Ginette expressed is a misunderstanding she and her colleagues have heard frequently at IIIC one of many rumors spreading with the fear and uncertainty in the community. Integrated Public Use Microdata Series: Version 7.0 [dataset]. A lot of post-traumatic stress syndrome. Some Haitian Americans argue that the donations amassed in 2010, have had little effect on actually changing and/or aiding Haiti. Most native-born Haitian Americans speak English fluently, as do many immigrants. These Arab Haitians make up a large share of the population. Bostons Haitian population also grew as a result of secondary migration from Miami and New York, with the regions educational institutions as a major draw. A lot of employers arent really accepting that information easily and, with employment, Minahan said. New Jersey follows closely behind Massachusetts with a Haitian population of 39,000. Some of them managed to purchase their own vehicles and medallions; they then leased their cabs to fellow Haitians, creating a niche in the industry. But dont worry; weve got you covered. In such centers, everyday conversations on the street may take place in Haitian Creole. New York had the second-largest population of foreign-born Haitians, with 125,475, approximately 30% of the total. But the administration of President Bill Clinton tried to discourage Haitian immigration. Haitians and All Immigrants in the United States by Period of Arrival, 2018. According to population DNA tests, approximately 85% of the population of Haiti is Black Creole. The slowing population growth is not a bad thing for Haiti. St. Domingues slave-based sugar and coffee industries had been fast-growing and successful, and by the 1760s it had become the most profitable colony in the Americas. Haitis fertility rate of 2.96 births per woman and negative net migration has resulted in a population growth rate of about 1.24%. In 2010, Port-au-Prince suffered from a massive earthquake that killed an estimated 230,000 people. The future for Haitian TPS holders and their families remains unclear, as their TPS status awaits rulings in two federal court cases. (Photo: Knight Foundation). How Cholera Spread So Quickly Through Haiti. (See Harvard Universitys Haitian Student Association for an example of a strong group of Haitian American and Haitian students). Available online. Syrians, Lebanese and Other Arab Americans, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. Not shown are the populations in Alaska and Hawaii, which are small in size; for details, visit the Migration Policy Institute (MPI) Data Hub for an interactive map showing geographic distribution of immigrants by state and county,available online.Source:MPI tabulation of data from U.S. Census Bureau pooled 2014-18 ACS. When examining literacy in Haiti, the World Factbook reports a 2015 estimate of approximately 60% literacy among the population over the age of 15. Cit SoleilCit Soleil originally developed as a shanty town and grew to an estimated 200,000 to 400,000 residents, the majority of whom live in extreme poverty. They dont have anything in my country. . And over the last nine years she has renewed TPS for herself and her two older children every 18 months, a measure that costs $500 for each family member, each time. The larger Port-au-Prince metropolitan area is home to about 2.3 million people, or 25,000 people per square kilometer (65,000/square mile). Other significant Haitian-American communities are found in several neighborhoods of New York City, such as Flatbush (Nostrand), Crown Heights, Flatlands, East Flatbush, Canarsie and Bedford-Stuyvesant in Brooklyn, Queens Village, Springfield Gardens, Laurelton and Rosedale in Queens, as well as Long Island and Rockland. And thats what the Dream and Promise Act would at least do on a one-time basis. The combined population of whites and mulattos constitutes 5% of the population, roughly half a million people. Available online. Im scared for my three kids if they send us back.. How can we solve climate change migration? 6150 property listingsThe dataset reports the, Table Population Income & Poverty Median household income (in 2020 dollars), 2016-2020 $76,298 Per capita income in past 12 months (in 2020 dollars), 2016-2020 $46,845. Press release, January 15, 2010. Waiting for a train in Boston, she would hear the approaching rumble and a flash of fear would consume her. But they dont want to go back. 2020. Ive been an immigration attorney for almost 20 years, and Ive never seen this level of fear and anxiety and panic in the immigrant community here in Boston, Minahan said. Venise said if she got the chance, she would tell President Donald Trump that her country is not a good place for her children. However, the termination date was extended by preliminary injunctions in two lawsuits challenging the administrations termination of Haitians protected status (Ramos v. Nielsen and Saget v. Trump). Available online. The Canada 2016 Census showed a total population of 165,095 Haitian-Canadians residing in Canada. These are people who are extremely, extremely well-established in the community, she said. Available online. But around them, Port-au-Prince was devastated. Mayor Martin J. Walsh Haitians' contribution to the economy as entrepreneurs and workers is significant. . The economy, the security, the health care system. It includes Haitians, Brazilians, etc. Available online. Most of the foreign-born Haitians arrived during the mid to late 20th century. * work with adult students in the computer lab Editor's Note: This article was revised on September 22, 2021 to update the population of Haitian migrants in other countries to 2020 estimates. They brought slaves with them, an action which doubled the black population in the New Orleans region. Miami, Ft. Lauderdale, and West Palm Beachs counties alone account for over 200,000 of this population a higher figure than any of the states on the rest of our list can boast. Available online. Its my first time being separated by my kids.. Since their arrival in Boston in the late 1950s, Haitians have been concentrated in the healthcare professions and services. 816,017. The Center serves clients primarily from Dorchester, Mattapan, Hyde Park, Jamaica Plain, and Roxbury. [44], U.S. states with largest Haitian populations, U.S. metropolitan areas with largest Haitian populations, High percentages of Haitian ancestry by community, Felix Eme Unaeze, and Richard E. Perrin, "Haitian Americans. [4], Political strife, marked with corruption, and intimidation led to many Haitians leaving the island for an opportunity of a better life. Available online. This nation has a unique ethnicity contained in it, and this is expressed through various forms of art. 2010. And things in Haiti are still pretty devastating. In other cases, parents who do not have access to high-quality schools in Haiti may move to the United States to offer their children better opportunities.[19]. Haitis TPS designation was set to expire July 22, 2019. MIRA supports the lawsuits challenging the Trump administrations move, and the group is also backing the Dream and Promise Act, which would provide protections and offer a pathway to citizenship for more than two million immigrants, including TPS holders. Significant Haitian populations are located in the U.S. territories of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands. Violent repression and human rights abuses under US-backed Haitian President Francois Duvalier (1957-1971) continued under his son Jean-Claude Duvalier (1971-1986), driving still more into exile. During the early 19th century, many Saint Dominican refugees helped found settlements in the French Empire, which would be later be the sites of Chicago and Detroit in modern day United States. population share Florida (with an estimated 43% of the population) and New York (with 30%) are the most popular states for Haitian-born immigrants living in the United States. Of those, the overwhelming majority (97 percent) did so as immediate relatives of U.S. citizens or through other family-sponsored preferences (see Figure 7). The median age for Haitian immigrants was 46 years, similar to that of the foreign-born population (45 years) but higher than for the U.S. born (36 years). Together, these four counties accounted for 43 percent of the total Haitian immigrant population in the United States. 2020. Immigration Pathways of Haitian and All Legal Permanent Residents in the United States, 2018. The Coalition is the largest Haitian organization north of the Charles River. It was, after all, the first nation to initiate empowerment among its colored people. Historical Census Statistics on the Foreign-born Population of the United States: 1850-2000. Waves of Haitians made it to the shores of Florida seeking asylum. If the Trump administration prevails in its challenges to preliminary injunctions in both cases, Haitian immigrants living under TPS designation could face deportation after 120 days of the courts mandate. Cronkite News/Arizona PBS, July 20, 2020. N.d. International Migrant Stock by Destination and Origin. Learn about remittance trends since 1970 and the relationships between remittance-sending and -receiving countries. Going back, theres nothing there, she said. MEDIAN INCOME In the United States alone, there are an estimated 2,003,000 people of Haitian ancestry, according to the 2010 Census; an estimated 500,000-800,000 Haitians live in the Dominican Republic and there is a Haitian community of about 165,000 in Canada. We were unable to subscribe you to WBUR Today. 2019. Cooking traditional Haitian food, following Haitian music and musicians, and participating in Haitian styles of dance are other ways to keep connected with their roots. [24] Also in the wake of Hurricane Matthew, Haitian Americans in Georgia and South Florida have created their own organizations, for example the Haitian American Nurses Association of Florida, to provide aid to Haiti, themselves. The Haitians who emigrated to the United States brought many of their cultural practices and ideologies, as do all immigrants. UCLA Latin American Institute, April 17, 2019. 202-266-1900, By Kira Olsen-Medina and Jeanne Batalova, IF YOU HAVE QUESTIONS OR COMMENTS ABOUT THIS ARTICLE, CONTACT US AT, Pauline Endres de Oliveira and Nikolas Feith Tan, National Center on Immigrant Integration Policy, Latin America & Caribbean Migration Portal, Illegal Immigration & Interior Enforcement. The annual growth rate in Haiti was 1.17% annually as of 2019. While the population has tripled since 50 years ago, it is projected that the growth rate will come to a near standstill 50 years into the future, and as such, the country won't likely see huge gains in population anytime soon. In 1776, the next largest cities were New York City (25,000 people), Boston (15,000), Charleston (12,000), and Newport (11,000). The committee was founded in 2017 with the goal of protecting TPS holders and their families and to push for a path of permanent residency for program beneficiaries. Bradley, Megan. United Nations Childrens Fund (UNICEF). Haiti takes up the smaller section of the western part of the island that it shares with the Dominican Republic. This is the last state on our list to have a rather large Haitian community (the rest have 15,000 or less). Statement from Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano on Temporary Protected Status (TPS) for Haitian Nationals. Terry, Kyilah. Haiti is located on the island of Hispaniola in the Greater Antilles archipelago. It teaches us a lot today; never underestimate the impact a few driven people can make, and to have faith that these few can cause ripples weighty enough to drive a powerful movement. Haitians, however, were slightly younger than Caribbean immigrants overall, whose median age was 49 years. Venise says her younger brother was among those killed. As Venise recounts the experience almost a decade later from a conference room in Boston, she hugs herself. The Haitian diaspora in the United States is comprised of approximately 1.2 million individuals who were either born in Haiti or reported Haitian ancestry, according to tabulations from the U.S. Census Bureau 2018 ACS. [15], These youth vary between those born in the U.S. of immigrant parents, those who immigrated with their families as small children, those who immigrated recently under duress (such as after the 2010 earthquake), and those who have come to attend colleges and universities. U.S. Census Bureau. How Do You Pronounce Gloucester In Boston? Political unrest, economic strains and natural disasters have supplied additional reasons for people to emigrate. In 2018, a section of Flatbush, Brooklyn that stretches from East 16th Street, to Parkside Avenue, to Brooklyn Avenue, and along Church Avenue between East 16th Street and Albany Avenue,[5] was designated Little Haiti. Check out the latest demographic data on Haitians in the city of Boston, prepared by the Boston Redevelopment Authority and the Mayors Office of Immigrant Advancement.