Can only be changed by a vote of the people, Two-thirds vote (or majority after seven years), Two-thirds vote (or majority after two years), Select a State with Citizen Initiatives to Learn More, Petition Review, Creation and Public Notice, Petition Review, Creation, and Public Notice, >Petition Review, Creation and Public Notice, States with citizen initiatives (24): Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouri, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, Wyoming. Stat. 10% of total votes cast in previous general election, 5% of votes cast for all candidates for governor in previous election, 6% of total votes cast for the office of governor in the last general election, 5% of votes cast for all candidates for governor in the last gubernatorial election, 5% of votes cast for secretary of state in last election, 6% of the qualified electors at the time of the last general election, 10% of the total votes cast for governor in the last gubernatorial election, 3% of the votes cast for governor at the preceding biennial state election, 2% of the entire votes cast for governor at the preceding biennial state election, 5% of total votes cast for all candidates for governor in the last general election, 5% of the total vote cast for governor at the last election. Application process information: Proponents submit petition signed by 20 voters. Timeline for taking effect: Effective upon the governor's proclamation of the vote (Const. Who creates petitions: Unclear who actually creates the petition, but it must be created according to a form prescribed by the secretary of state (NDCC 16.1-01-09). XVI, 4). Where to file with: Secretary of state (V.A.M.S. Contributions of $1,000 or more must be reported within 48 hours after receipt (IC 67-6607). Art. If raising more than $5,000 in a year, the entity must register as a ballot question committee. Art. 4, Pt. The Legislative Counsel Bureau distributes items to legislators, public libraries, newspapers and broadcasters (N.R.S. Proponents may amend before submission to the secretary of state (C.R.S.A. IV, pt. M.G.L.A. 295.015; 293.250). Art. For three years, measures can only be proposed again by signatures totaling 25%of total votes cast for governor last election, and special rule for competing measures. The secretary of state will also conduct at least one public hearing in each congressional district on each ballot measure (Miss. 5 , 1; A.C.A. 34-1805), Geographic distribution: Six % of the qualified electors at the time of the last general election in each of at least 18 legislative districts, out of 35 total districts (I.C. 22-24-401, Laws related to dedications of revenue, appropriations, local or special legislation or laws necessary for the immediate preservation of the public peace, health or safety. Tit. Three% of votes cast for governor at preceding biennial state election to submit to the legislature. Const. Amend. Repeal or change restrictions: Two-thirds vote is required to amend or repeal a measure approved by a vote of the people (Cont. Art. June 22, 2022; a la carte wedding flowers chicago; . "Petition organizer" means a business entity that receives compensation for organizing, supervising or managing the circulating of petitions. Art. 7-9-404; 405; 406; 407; 408; 409, California: Cal.Gov.Code 82013, 84200, 84202.3, 85309, 84511, 84101, Cal.Elec.Code 18680; Form 460, Colorado: C.R.S.A. 3, 4; Art. Which election: Next statewide or general election, whichever comes first, that is not less than 60 days after the petition is submitted (Const. Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: There must be at least 60 days between submission of the petition and the election (Const. 4, 2; Constitution 48, Init., Pt. Who creates petitions: None defined, although the secretary of state reviews and processes the petition, along with the attorney general and the Supreme Court (34 Okl.St.Ann. 3501.38). Petition title and summary creation: The title of the bill being referred is included on the petition (34 OS 1). 48, Pt. Signature pages must include description of subject and purpose of petition, a fair and accurate summary or the full text, a statement to which each signer subscribes, spaces for signatures, spaces for signers' county and space for the required affidavit. 353), What is on each petition: Fiscal impact statement, summary by secretary of state, name of circulator and statement on right of signer to read summary and fiscal statement before signing, and instructions from secretary of state (21-A MRSA 901, 903). 2 with the secretary of state (34 Okl.St.Ann. Circulator requirements: Montana resident (MCA 13-27-102). We hope you and your family enjoy the NEW Britannica Kids. IV, 1). Petition title and summary creation: Written by sponsors, approved by attorney general (Const. Timeline for taking effect: For statutes, unless specified otherwise, Oct. 1 following approval. III, 52(a) and Mo.Rev.Stat. For indirect statute petitions, the legislature has 40 session days to pass or reject the unchanged or unamended measure. 5, 1), Who can sign the petition: Registered electors who will be eligible to vote on the measure (C.R.S.A. Art. Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (O.R.S. 3519.01 and 3519.05(C). Timeline for collecting signatures: Not more than 24 months (A.R.S. Proponent organization and requirements: Application must be signed by ten qualified voters (Const. IV, 1b). Proponent organization and requirements: Must sign affidavit and must refile after recommendations (RCWA 29A.72.010; 43.07.120; 29A.72.020; 29A.72.040). Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: There must be at least 31 days after the measure qualifies before the election (Const. Repeal or change restrictions: Can only be changed by a vote of the people. Application process information: Proponents must submit a statement of the object of the measure and its full text to the secretary of state, along with a sworn list of their addresses and names (Neb. Art. Withdrawal process of individual signature: Signatures may be withdrawn up to the time of submission of the petition. States may limit the subject matter of popular referenda. Art. Art. Petitions must be submitted not more than 90 days after the law which is the subject of the petition has become law. 116.030 and .050, Nebraska: Const. Const. If the legislature does not enact the proposition, then proponents may collect the additional 5% signatures required to get the measure onto the ballot. Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: Signatures submitted to appropriate state officials at least 10 days before submitted to secretary of state, which is the 50th day of the first regular session or the 25th day of the second regular session (21-A M.R.S.A. Withdrawal process of individual signature: Signer or attorney of the signer may remove a signature before official filing (O.R.C. Art. The ballot must include a clear and concise statement as to the effect of a yes or no vote. Art. 250.015; 250.052). 8). What is a RECALL? They are an effort to ensure that petition signers do not represent just the interests of heavily populated areas. Circulator requirements: Must be age 18 or older and resident of Ohio (I.C. 48, Init., Pt. Signatures must be submitted by 5 p.m. on the 90th day after final adjournment of the legislature (34 OS 8). 5, 3), Timeline for taking effect: When approved by a majority of votes (OK Const. 53 22A and M.G.L.A. III, 3). Collected in-person: Yes (W.S.1977 22-24-312). 19, 3; N.R.S. Art. Timeline for collecting signatures: Must be 180 days from official summary date by attorney general (Cal.Elec.Code 9014). question. Secretary of state, revisor of statutes and attorney general, M.G.L.A. Clerks check the names, verify they are 18 or older, and determine if they are a registered voter. The legislature has the option to enact, defeat or amend the measure. Conflicting measures: The measure receiving the greatest number of affirmative votes prevails (N.R.S. Code 23-17-3), Which election is a measure on: Statewide general election (MS Const. II, 18). If 95-105% are deemed sufficient, a full verification of all signatures must be conducted (Elec. Which election: The first statewide election held more than 180 days after adjournment of the session during which the act was passed (Const. Who creates petitions: The proponents (Miss. 2, 8; Cal.Elec.Code 9016. Fourteen states do not have any process for withdrawal: Alaska, Arizona, Florida, Idaho, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, Utah, Washington and Wyoming. Code 23-17-37), Thirty-five percent in Nebraska (Ne.Rev.St. Political committee must file a statement of organization. General review of petition: After the hearings the proponents and Governor's Office of Management and Budget may revise (U.C.A. States may apply a single-subject rule or other restrictions. Application process information: Application must be filed within 10 business days of the adjournment of the legislature on a form designated by the secretary (21-A MRS 901). Under the constitution, an act takes effect 90 days after it is enacted. Paid per signature: No ban on initiative petitions, but a statement must appear on the petition if circulator is being paid (W.S.1977 22-24-310). Vote requirement for passage: Majority (IC 34-1803). Nine states require filing an initial number of signatures of sponsors as part of an application to circulate a popular referendum petition. Twenty-three states have popular referendum processes. Circulator requirements: 18 years of age (NRS 295.0575). Application process information: Application is filed on a form provided by the secretary of state and must contain the sponsor's name, or if an organization, the names and titles of its officers; address; intent to circulate and file a petition; a description of not more than 200 words of the principal provisions of the measure and the full text, in no less than 8-point font; and application for an official serial number. Verification: Verification method not specified, but "In considering the sufficiency of a referendum petition the burden of proving that all signatures appearing on the page are genuine and that the signers are qualified electors of the county named on the page and are in all respects entitled to sign the petition shall be upon the sponsors of the petition, if it is apparent beyond a reasonable doubt to the secretary of state that twenty percent or more of the signatures on any one page thereof are fictitious, forged or otherwise clouded, or that the challenged petitioners were ineligible to sign the petition, which fact was known or could have been ascertained by the exercise of reasonable diligence on the part of the person soliciting the signatures on that page" (NMSA 1-17-11). Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited; a petition section is invalid if this happens (CRS 1-40-111(3)(IV)). Const. Cure period for insufficient signatures: If a petition is insufficient, a period of 20 days is allowed for correction (Const. Twenty-four states have citizen initiative processes. Types allowed: Indirect citizen initiative for statutes and amendments and popular referendum. Public review or notice: Able to attend meeting on petition application review, title board meetings, ballot information booklet prepared by legislative council (C.R.S.A. III, 2; Bernbeck v. Gale, 59 F.Supp.3d 949 [2014]; 829 F.3d 643, United States Court of Appeals, Eighth Circuit). Art. 250.105). Art. III, 5(1) and MCA 13-27-301. Stat. VI, Subpt. No more than one-quarter of signatures may come from a single county. (Note: This provision was found unconstitutional in July 2020 by a Superior Court judge and was later affirmed Aug. 31, 2020 by the state supreme court. 19, 2), Who can sign the petition: Registered voters (N.R.S. After certification for the ballot, the joint committee on legislative research holds a public hearing in Jefferson City to take public comments regarding the measure (V.A.M.S. V, 1(3) and CRS 1-40-117. VI, 1 and Utah Code 20A-7-102, Laws passed by a two-thirds vote of the members of each house, Const. Who creates petitions: Secretary of state (MCA 13-27-202). Only 20 signatures allowed per sheet and each sheet is from one county. Other requirements may include a legal warning, a statement that the petition circulator is paid, a summary of the proposed measure, the full text of the measure, the county or district where the signature was collected, a warning to signers and more. Art. 116.080). Const. 4, 1, Pt. Art. What is on each petition: Petition contains bill number, title of the act, signers statement and warning to signers and circulator verification (Utah Code 20A-7-303). Art. In Nebraska, the total number of signatures is based upon the total number of registered voters in the state. Does the law in question take effect before the referendum vote: Non-emergency laws subject to referendum do not take effect until 30 days after voter approval. Majority to pass: Yes (NDCC Const. Art. Full text of the measure must be attached (A.C.A. Massachusetts: at least 30% (Const. 295.015). Some states place restrictions on how sponsors may pay petition circulators. Const. Art. Const. [2] Three initiatives were on the California ballot the next year, in 1912, when measures 6, 7 and 8 -- to consolidate local governments, prohibit bookmaking, and set procedures for local taxation -- were all defeated. III, 52(a) and Mo.Rev.Stat. Proponent financial disclosure requirements: In order to receive contributions or make expenditures in excess of $1,500 in a calendar year, must form a committee for political action and register with the secretary of state (NRS 294A.230). 12, 2). Geographic distribution: Not more than half may be residents of Baltimore City or of one county (Const. 12, 2). A.R.S. And no signature "collected prior to a November general election at which a governor is elected shall not be filed after the date of that November general election" (M.C.L.A. Const. Legislature may hold public hearings and must hold a committee hearing once 25 percent of signatures are collected (Cal.Gov.Code 12172; 10243; 12172; Cal.Elec.Code 9007; 9034). Withdrawal of petition: Any person who submits a sample sheet to or files an initiative petition with the secretary of state may withdraw the petition upon written notice to the secretary of state. The public may protest as to the constitutionality of the measure. Verification: Random sample of at least 5 % or at least 4,000 signatures. Rev. 2, 3; M.G.L.A. Petitions must be submitted within 90 days following the final adjournment of the legislative session at which the law was enacted. Art II, 10 and Elec. Cure period for insufficient signatures: There is a 15-day cure period after a statement of insufficiency is issued by the secretary of state, and proponents may deliver additional signatures during this time (CRS 1-40-117). 34-1821), Number of signatures required: Six % of the qualified electors at the time of the last general election (I.C. Submission deadline of signatures: Must address written petition to the legislature and signatures must be filed with the secretary of state by the 50th day of the first regular session or by the 25th day of the second regular session. Colorado. Public review or notice: Pro and con statements and explanations are made public prior to the election in newspapers, in public offices and on the secretary of states website (OH Const. Utah requires 60 percent approval for laws that alter hunting and fishing (See Utah Const. 19, 2). 7-9-108). Who can sign the petition: Registered electors (Const. N.R.S. The committees select a chair and may prepare arguments and rebuttals, which will be reviewed by the secretary of state for the ballot. Art. Application process information: File an exact printed copy of petition as it will be used for signature gathering (A.C.A. 48, Init., Pt. After the hearings, the proponents and Governor's Office of Management and Budget may revise (U.C.A. S. So as a whole, the free-response section accounts for half your total AP Gov score (the other 50% comes from the multiple-choice section). Prepared by chief legislative budget officer. a vote on a measure so submitted. 22-24-405). 24 States may have the direct initiative, the indirect initiative or the choice of either. Geographic distribution: Yes, signed by qualified voters equal in number to 15% of those resident in at least two-thirds of the counties of the state, as determined by those who voted in the preceding general election in that county (Const. MT CONST Art. Where to file: Lieutenant governor (Utah Code 20A-7-302). Art. The following contribution and expenditure statements must be electronically filed: drafting statement, filed at the time approval is requested to circulate petition; circulating statement, filed at the time petitions are submitted for signature verification; pre-election statement, filed between the 39th and 31st day prior to the election; and year-end statement, filed by Jan. 31 of the year following the election. Another 3 % is required to qualify for the ballot if not enacted by the legislature after four months (OH Const. Art. Three or more registrars must certify the petitions and follow other rules as per administrative regulations 950 CMR 55 (M.G.L.A. Wording of Ballot Question and Effect of Yes Vote, No statute found; used Referred Act 1 (Nov. 1994) as a reference. This committee is responsible for preparing the arguments for the measure and any rebuttal arguments in the information pamphlet (MCS 13-27-402). Submission deadline for signatures: June 1 (Const. Art. Where to file with: Secretary of states office and attorney general (AR Const. Tit. The legislature shall not have the power to repeal a referendum measure passed by a majority of the voters. 4, 2; Constitution 48, Init., Pt. Art. Const. Both the referendum and the initiative were adopted in the United States under the leadership of groups hostile to machine politics or those convinced that government was generally insensitive to the popular will. Art. Law 6-207(c)). Constitution 48, Init., Pt. The initiative came into use at Vaud in 1845. Art. Proponent organization and requirements: Application must contain the names and addresses of at least five sponsors, certification that each sponsor is a registered voter in Utah and has voted in a regular general election in the last three years, the notarized signature of each sponsor and a copy of the law (Utah Code 20A-7-302). Who can sign the petition: Legal, registered voters (V.A.M.S. 116.332). II, 9). Art. The title may be different from the legislative title, but in all cases the legislative title shall be sufficient (Const. Art. 19, 3). Art. 5, 1), Timeline for taking effect: Thirty days after the election unless otherwise specified in the act (Ark. The full title and text of the measure must be attached to each signature sheet (Const. Const. On May 18, 1981, Italians resoundingly defeated a proposal to repeal a controversial 1978 abortion law, although the Catholic church had strenuously urged repeal. Registration is required before making an expenditure for or against a ballot measure. Initiatives and referendums, which come from a variety of ideologies, can enact changes within governments at the local, state and national levels. L-04, 2011 WL 1130010 (July 5, 2011). 250.048; OR CONST Art. Paid per signature: Prohibited (SDCL 12-13-28). 3, 50; V.A.M.S. 168.471; 168.472. Const. Majority to pass: Yes (OH Const. Const. Petitions may be signed at any time after an act is passed and must be submitted by June 1. Art. Application must include act to be referred; statement of approval or rejection; printed name, signature, address and numerical identifier of not less than 100 qualified voters who will serve as sponsors; the designation of a referendum committee consisting of three sponsors who will represent all sponsors and subscribers in matters relating to the referendum. Law 6-103). Art. Paid per signature: No ban, but must mark this and identify their employer on the affidavit (V.A.M.S. Art. For constitutional amendments, 8 % of the total votes cast for all candidates for governor in the last general election (OR CONST Art. States with direct initiatives (19): Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Florida, Idaho, Illinois, Michigan, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, South Dakota, Utah, Washington, States with indirect initiatives (10): Alaska, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Mississippi, Nevada, Ohio, Utah, Washington, Wyoming. The same ballot title and popular name that appeared on petitions (drafted by sponsors) is submitted by the secretary of state to the board of canvassers for certification. If a second sampling is needed, an estimated duplication rate will be calculated. Stat. 3, 8). 1(9)). 54, 22A). After translating an article, all tools except font up/font down will be disabled. 3503.06). Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: No additional other than deadlines, Majority to pass: Yes (MT CONST Art. Vote requirement for passage: Majority (SDCL 2-1-12). Must file monthly financial reports with Ethics Commission (A.C.A. In some states, the official title of the legislation that is the subject of the referendum appears on the petition. What is on each petition: The full text of the measure, the affidavit of the circulator, the name of each petition district of the registered voters signing those pages, and each petition must have a 200-word or less description on each signature page of the petition (N.R.S. Art. 295.056. OH Const. It must be accompanied by a notarized form including the names and addresses of the petition sponsors and the statement of organization provided at 12-27-6 (SDCL 2-1-3.1). Who creates petitions: Petition filed by proponents is certified by attorney general, ballot board, and secretary of state (O.R.C. Vote requirement for passage: Majority (Const. Art. 32-1401; 32-1405; 32-628; 32-1403). III, 52(a)). A requirement for 5% of the registered voters in two-fifths of the counties each was held unconstitutional, but that case was vacated because of an issue of standing. Art. Must include official language from attorney general, the measures full text, and the legislative district from which the signatures were collected (I.C. 7-9-114). . 19, 6). hired children as a source of cheap labor. Fiscal review: Governor's Office of Management and Budget conducts an estimate (U.C.A. For constitutional amendments, generally take effect upon passage. Majority to pass: Yes (OK Const. Who can sign the petition: Qualified voters (Const. Art. 16.061). A statement must be filed by a ballot issue committee supporting or opposing a measure not more than 35 days after the petition is filed. 3, 52(g) and Wyo. 7-9-404; 405; 406; 407; 408; 409). Submission deadline of signatures: Generally 110 days before the election. A.R.S. These may be accepted or rejected. IDEA. Number of signatures required: 5% of the total votes cast for governor at the last election (Const. 5, 1), Ballot title and summary: Title board (C.R.S.A. VI, Subpt. Geographic distribution: 15% of the total vote cast in the last election in at least of two-thirds of counties (Const. St. 32-628), Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (Neb.Rev.St. 116.030). Const. 3519.21). 14, 3, 10 ILCS 5/28-2, Massachusetts: M.G.L.A. Code Ann. III, 52(b)). Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited. Petition for Initiative. 116.090). Code Ann. Verified answer. 1953 20A-7-201; 20A-7-208). Art. Const. Public review or notice: The attorney general submits a draft ballot title and the public may submit written comments regarding it, which the attorney general may use to revise the title. In 18 states, the application to circulate a popular referendum petition is filed with the chief election officer. 5, 11; Art. . Const. For constitutional amendments, 8% of total votes cast for all candidates for governor in last general election. Ballot title and summary: The same title drafted by the title board in the pre-qualification stage is used on the ballot (CRS 1-40-106); there is not a summary on the ballot (CRS 1-40-115). 250.065), Time period restrictions before placed on the ballot: Four months prior to the general election (OR CONST Art. MT CONST Art. 3, 50; Art. V, 1(3), "The filing of a referendum petition against any item, section, or part of any act shall not delay the remainder of the act from becoming operative.". Circulator requirements: Non-Arizona residents and paid-resident circulators must register. Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (O.R.C. 3, 50; V.A.M.S. Payment on a per-signature basis prohibited. Const. Collected in-person: Implied (MCA 13-27-102), Withdrawal process of individual signature: Any time prior to official filing (MCA 13-27-301). Most states require proponents of a proposed law to follow guidelines. Petition sponsors, approved or rewritten by attorney general, Petition sponsors, with approval by secretary of state, Drafted by secretary of state and approved by attorney general, Petition sponsors, approved by attorney general. A statement of organization is required (Govt. Allowed to pay another for their signature: Prohibited (AS 15.45.340(c)).