C. independent This effect is due to, Hilder is on the so-called "South Beach diet", which restricts her from eating foods that are high in carbohydrates (e.g., white bread, potato chips, and pretzels). Review Later. He explained his "D" in chemistry as being the result of "bad teaching." D. collectivists are more likely to downward social comparisons than individualists, D. collectivists are more likely to downward social comparisons than individualists, Research has found that when prisoners are given some control over their environments, such as being able to move chairs and operate the lights, they tend to: D. the looking-glass self, Your self-esteem would correlate closely with what others think of you and your group if you were in a(n) ______ culture. According to Myers, the best term for this symptom is: C. impression management The overestimation could be explained in terms of, Social cognition refers to a movement within social psychology that focuses on. C. 50%; 50% C. perform moderately well A. planning fallacy A. self-schemas They forget that there is a difference between the level of knowledge they have on the topic compared to . He's afraid of being unemployed and alone. D. undecided, _______ is defined as the beliefs about the self that organize and guide the processing of self-relevant information. C. spotlight effect The false uniqueness effect is the tendency to underestimate the commonality of one's abilities and successful behaviors. D. self-serving bias, Studies of "affective forecasting" required participants to predict their future: -overestimate the degree to which others share their attitudes and opinions. -case history informationregardless of whether or not it is the first time they have purchased a car. C. the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual. D. internal locus of control; self-concept, In the U.S., those living in Hawaii and the deep South exhibit more _______ than those living in the Mountain West states. These people thought: "Why didn't everyone simply take the family minivan and go stay with family somewhere?" The so-called "gambler's fallacy" refers to. Quite understandably, students are often more upset about missing an exam question when they had previously circled the correct answerand then changed it to an incorrect answeras opposed to when they had chosen an incorrect answer all along. Confucius just fell down a flight of stairs. How does the "foot-in-the-door" compliance technique work? A. self-handicapping How does the "That's-not-all" compliance technique work? These shortcuts are known as. Our family and friends are more likely to be similar to us and share many of the same beliefs and behaviors. B. conservative phobias, panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder. C. high self-efficacy B. increases She had assumed that everyone felt as she did and supported her candidate's ideas. Paul's response demonstrates: A. transparency effect It is sometimes argued that excess cash held by a firm can aggravate agency problems (as discussed before) and, more generally, reduce incentives for shareholder wealth maximization. Elenita is from a relatively sheltered background. A. depression Yet Joe persists in his belief that people from "up north" are snobby. Compared to their performance when alone, when in the presence of others, they tend to perform better on simple or well-rehearsed tasks and worse on complex or new ones. B. collectivists; individualists )names which are in all cases written in "non-matching" colors of ink (e.g., the word "green" might be written in red ink, while the word "red" might be written in yellow ink)and to identify, as quickly as possible, the color in which each word is written. It can also skew the way we predict how people make decisions or judge a certain situation. A. self-handicapping What differentiates a narcissist from someone high in self-esteem? Obedience to authority is ingrained in us all from the way we are brought up. For example, if I enjoy eating chocolate ice cream cones, I will tend to . A. self-interest colors our social judgment. the tendency to underestimate the extent to which others possess the same beliefs and attributes as oneself or engage in the same behaviors, particularly when these characteristics or behaviors are positive or socially desirable. This may sound complicated, but it simply means . B. pete Bem's Self-Perception Theory proposes that when we are unsure of our attitudes, we use our behavior to infer our attitude. A. hoped-for possible self -people usually do not "adjust" enough away from their anchors. A. it helps protect us from depression -consistency, consensus, and distinctiveness. Recently, Krueger and Clement (1997; see also Krueger, 1998) argued that the simple assumption that all respondents believe they are in the majority, regardless of true major-ity status, can account for both the false consensus effect and the uniqueness bias. A. liberal Which of the following best describes Jack's behavior? D. an external locus of control, When you give a presentation in class and feel extremely nervous you will tend to D. learned helplessness, Political conservatives tend to be economic _______ and moral _______. C. defensive pessimism C. high D. either excel or fail, depending on the situation. people who share one's most prized. The fact that we usually attribute more responsibility to our partners than to ourselves when problems arise in a relationship is an example of how: to underestimate the number of other. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Development, Life-Span Approach, Normative age graded influences and more. Juanita's answer describes her: This was early evidence of the phenomenon known as. redirect attention away from the unpleasant thought. According to research on the actor-observer effect, people have a tendency to make relatively more __________ for their own behaviors but relatively more __________ for others' behaviors. The student is very independent and outspoken on their first meeting. C. fear One of your professors has apparently just lost his job. D. headlight effect, Greenberg (2008) argues that, to manage their fear of death and feel that their lives are not in vain, people seek to pursue self-esteem by meeting the standards of their society. B. self-serving bias One explanation for the false consensus effect is that people use their own attitudes and behaviors as "anchors" for predicting others' attitudes and behaviors. C. peaks and then drops sharply A. people in individualistic countries persist more when they are succeeding C. self-schema C. lower; decrease B. feared possible self Whenever you smell coconut oil, you tend to think about your recent vacation in the Bahamas (where you and your friends used lots of coconut suntan oil). She then goes ahead and orders a deluxe chocolate milkshake. A. strong . According to Harold Kelley's attribution theory, when consistency and consensus are both perceived to be low. Scarcity of resources Flashcards. B. low self-esteem Researchers have called this misperception a false social reality, a form of pluralistic ignorance. C. the tendency to underestimate the commonality of one's abilities. Moving to another question will save this response. B. loci of control A role comes socially expected pattern of behavior for it, which impact both behavior and attitudes. . D. the self-handicapping effect. A. personality The false consensus effect refers to the tendency for people to. Please sign in to share these flashcards. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Giving priority to the goals of one's group, such as one's family or workplace, and defining one's identity accordingly is called: A. cooperation B. communality C. collectivism D. groupthink, When we accommodate and adjust to personal injuries, romantic breakups, and exam failures, we cope more readily than we would expect . B. unrealistic optimism. B. low self-esteem That is, one of the things you are likely to ask about is, Roger is a member of his town's most exclusive country club. A. jill Fundamental attribution error is made when observers overestimate internal dispositional influences and underestimate external situation influences upon other's behavior. C. self-efficacy C. he is demonstrating false pride The false-uniqueness effect is an attributional type of cognitive bias in social psychology that describes how people tend to view their qualities, traits, and personal attributes as unique when in reality they are not. D. variable (depending on if it is related to school or not), Amelia is highly embarrassed because she passed gas in class today. The false-uniqueness effect is an attributional type of cognitive bias in social psychology that describes how people tend to view their qualities, traits, and personal attributes as unique when in reality they are not. D. traditionalists; progressives, A person's answer to the question "Who am I?" If one person is "different" somehow, it allows other people to avoid conforming. Suppose that Dorothy and Tim are out to lunch together, and both are on restricted-calorie diets. Comformity is a change in behavior, belief, or both, to conform to a group norm as a result of real or imagined group pressure. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like After reading a story in the local newspaper about a recent robbery in the downtown area, Kerry remarks, "I'm not surprised he was robbed. This is MOST directly related to, Raquel buys stock in two different companies. The False Uniqueness Effect suggests that we are not so accurate after all. B. C. the tendency to see our talents and moral behaviors as relatively unusual counterfactual thinking. Even though you are not actually ill at all, as you walk home from the hospital you do so with a slight limp, and begin lightly coughing. A. strong A. he is self-handicapping Define attitude and how it guides our behavior. she makes an internal attribution for the $2000 earning, but an external attribution for the $3000 loss. Research indicates that __________ engage in counterfactual thinking; and that __________ engage in meta-cognition. That is, both of them seem to be engaging in, Sometimes people blow on dice when playing a board game to make sure they get the numbers they need to advance in the game. participants made the fundamental attribution error for both types of essays. and more. Cram has partnered with the National Tutoring Association. B. family situation She rarely claims that she is unable to complete an assignment and is academically successful. people who share one's most prized. Josh's wishes and fears constitute his: It is often attributed to a desire to view one's thoughts and actions as unusual, arising . Which of the following kinds of thinking can help explain the first instinct fallacy? After answering all the other questions, he goes back to 31 and starts to believe that perhaps C was the right answer. Examples of impact bias For example, gaining or loosing a romantic partner, getting or not getting a promotion . Add images, definitions, examples, synonyms, theories, and customize your content to . C. self-serving bias -believe many Mormons collect rare books. Is the last flip more likely to be heads, more likely to be tails, or equally likely to be heads or tails? B. success and distance ourselves from failure. The first 19 flips are all heads. Shortage is caused by issues pertaining to real goods and. B. social surroundings affect our self-awareness. Social psychologists refer to this kind of pattern as an, People generally prefer to conserve effort by relying on automatic modes of thought (rather than, Suppose that you are at a departmental meeting at work, and one of your co-workers starts screaming at you and calling you a "stupid freak."